A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British MuseumBritish Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
History
A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British Museum
British Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
Egypt -- Antiquities
About the beginning of the Ptolemaïc Period the following works came into
general use: =1.= The SHĀIT EN SENSEN 𓈚𓂝𓇌𓏏𓏤𓍼𓈖𓊃𓈖𓊃𓈖𓊡𓏪, or =Book of
Breathings=. Like the great Book of the Dead, this work was declared to
have been written by Thoth, the scribe of the gods, the “Heart of Rā.”
It contains a number of prayers for offerings, a series of declarations
that the deceased has not committed certain specified sins, a statement
that he has neither sin nor evil in him, and a demand that his soul be
admitted into the heaven because “he gave food to the hungry, water to
the thirsty, clothes to the naked, and offerings to the Gods, and to the
KHU (beatified spirits).” A fine copy of this work is that written in the
hieratic character for Kerasher on a papyrus in the British Museum (No.
9995). In the first part are copies of vignettes from the Book of the
Dead, but the details are modified to suit the religious beliefs of the
period. Thus Thoth and not Horus introduces the deceased to Osiris, and
Anubis and Hathor lead him into the Judgment Hall instead of Maāt.
=2.= The =Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys=, a work in which these
goddesses lamented the sufferings and death of Osiris, and proclaimed his
resurrection, and glorified him in the heavens. It was recited by two
priestesses, who were ceremonially pure, on the 25th day of the month
Choiak (December), and the words in the book were believed to be those
which Isis and Nephthys actually said at their first mourning for their
brother Osiris. Copies of them were written on papyrus and buried with
the dead to ensure their resurrection and future happiness and glory.
=3.= The =Festival Songs of the Two Tcherti=, _i.e._, of the Two Weepers,
Isis and Nephthys, a work similar in character to the preceding. It was
recited on five days of the month Choiak (December), during which the
great annual festival of Osiris was celebrated. The priestesses who sang
the verses of the work wore lambs’-wool crowns on their heads, carried
tambourines which they beat from time to time, and bore on their arms
bandlets with the names of Isis and Nephthys written upon them. The
recital of the work was preceded by an address by the _Kher ḥeb_, or
“Lector,” and then the two priestesses sang the rhythmic sections of the
compositions alternately.
[Illustration: A copy of a Book of the Dead entitled “May my name
flourish!”
Roman Period.
[Brit. Mus., No. 10,304.]]
=4.= The =Litanies of Seker=, a short composition of about 100 lines,
containing two series of addresses to Seker, the god of the Other World.
Fine copies of this and the preceding work are given in the Rhind Papyrus
(No. 10,188).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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