Nor am I ready to admit that the great scientists of the early Roman Empire merely copied from, or were distinctly inferior to, their Hellenistic predecessors. Aristarchus may have held the heliocentric theory[118] but Ptolemy must have been an abler scientist and have supported his incorrect hypothesis with more accurate measurements and calculations or the ancients would have adopted the sounder view. And if Herophilus had really demonstrated the circulation of the blood, so keen an intelligence as Galen’s would not have cast his discovery aside. And if Ptolemy copied Hipparchus, are we to imagine that Hipparchus copied from no one? But of the incessant tradition from authority to authority and yet of the gradual accumulation of new matter from personal observation and experience our ensuing survey of thirteen centuries of thought and writing will afford more detailed illustration. APPENDIX I SOME WORKS ON MAGIC, RELIGION, AND ASTRONOMY IN BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA The following books deal expressly with the magic of Assyria and Babylonia: Fossey, C. La magie assyrienne; étude suivie de textes magiques, Paris, 1902. King, L. W. Babylonian Magic and Sorcery, being “The Prayers of the Lifting of the Hand,” London, 1896. Laurent, A. La magie et la divination chez les Chaldéo-Assyriens, Paris, 1894. Lenormant, F. Chaldean Magic and Sorcery, English translation, London, 1878. Schwab, M., in Proc. Bibl. Archæology (1890), pp. 292-342, on magic bowls from Assyria and Babylonia. Tallquist, K. L. Die Assyrische Beschwörungsserie Maqlû, Leipzig, 1895. Thompson, R. C. The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon in the British Museum, London, 1900. Texts and translations—all but three are astrological. The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia, London, 1904. Semitic Magic, London, 1908. Weber, O. Dämonenbeschwörung bei den Babyloniern und Assyrern, 1906. Eine Skizze (37 pp.), in Der Alte Orient. Zimmern. Die Beschwörungstafeln Surpu. Much concerning magic will also be found in works on Babylonian and Assyrian religion. Craig, J. A. Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts, Leipzig, 1895-7. Curtiss, S. I. Primitive Semitic Religion Today, 1902. Dhorme, P. Choix des textes religieux Assyriens Babyloniens, 1907. La religion Assyro-Babylonienne, Paris, 1910. Gray, C. D. The Samas Religious Texts. Jastrow, Morris. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, Boston, 1898. Revised and enlarged as Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens, Giessen, 1904. Jeremias. Babylon. Assyr. Vorstellungen von dem Leben nach Tode, Leipzig, 1887. Hölle und Paradies, and other works. Knudtzon, J. A. Assyrische Gebete an den Sonnengott, Leipzig, 1893. Lagrange, M. J. Études sur les religions sémitiques, Paris, 1905. Langdon, S. Sumerian and Babylonian Psalms, Paris, 1909. Reisner, G. A. Sumerisch-Babylonische Hymnen, Berlin, 1896.