A History of Science — Volume 4Williams, Henry Smith
History
A History of Science — Volume 4
Williams, Henry Smith
Science -- History
Until about twenty years of age young Hunter had shown little aptitude
for study, being unusually fond of out-door sports and amusements; but
about that time, realizing that some occupation must be selected, he
asked permission of his brother William to attempt some dissections in
his anatomical school in London. To the surprise of his brother he made
this dissection unusually well; and being given a second, he acquitted
himself with such skill that his brother at once predicted that he would
become a great anatomist. Up to this time he had had no training of
any kind to prepare him for his professional career, and knew little of
Greek or Latin--languages entirely unnecessary for him, as he proved
in all of his life work. Ottley tells the story that, when twitted with
this lack of knowledge of the "dead languages" in after life, he said
of his opponent, "I could teach him that on the dead body which he never
knew in any language, dead or living."
By his second year in dissection he had become so skilful that he was
given charge of some of the classes in his brother's school; in 1754 he
became a surgeon's pupil in St. George's Hospital, and two years later
house-surgeon. Having by overwork brought on symptoms that seemed to
threaten consumption, he accepted the position of staff-surgeon to an
expedition to Belleisle in 1760, and two years later was serving with
the English army at Portugal. During all this time he was constantly
engaged in scientific researches, many of which, such as his
observations of gun-shot wounds, he put to excellent use in later life.
On returning to England much improved in health in 1763, he entered at
once upon his career as a London surgeon, and from that time forward
his progress was a practically uninterrupted series of successes in his
profession.
Hunter's work on the study of the lymphatics was of great service to
the medical profession. This important net-work of minute vessels
distributed throughout the body had recently been made the object of
much study, and various students, including Haller, had made extensive
investigations since their discovery by Asellius. But Hunter, in 1758,
was the first to discover the lymphatics in the neck of birds, although
it was his brother William who advanced the theory that the function
of these vessels was that of absorbents. One of John Hunter's pupils,
William Hewson (1739-1774), first gave an account, in 1768, of
the lymphatics in reptiles and fishes, and added to his teacher's
investigations of the lymphatics in birds. These studies of the
lymphatics have been regarded, perhaps with justice, as Hunter's most
valuable contributions to practical medicine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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