When the disease develops it will be manifested, as a rule, from three to five days after birth by redness of the eye and a slight discharge. It is the duty of the nurse, as well as of the accoucheur, to examine the eyes of the new-born babe each day during the lying-in period, and at the first sign of trouble, if discovered by the nurse, the attention of the physician should be directed to the matter. During the first two or three days after the disease begins there is usually little or no pus present, and comparatively little swelling of the lids, except in the most violent cases. During this so-called first stage the treatment should be that of an ordinary acute catarrhal conjunctivitis—viz.: iced compresses applied for an hour twice a day if the baby is well and strong; gentle flushing of the conjunctival sac with a warm saturated solution of boric acid. As soon as pus begins to form, the eyes must be cleansed more frequently—every hour during the day and every two hours during the night—and the edges of the lids should be kept constantly anointed with sterile vaselin to prevent their agglutination and the retention of the discharge. Drainage is indicated whenever there is suppuration, and if we can prevent the sticking together of the lids in this way, we allow free drainage and reduce the irritation which invariably results from retention of the discharges in these cases. In all cases it will be noticed that after the discharge has been washed away from the everted lids there are strings or shreds of mucus in the folds of the conjunctiva. The nurse should endeavor at each cleansing to wash them out by continuous flushing and gentle manipulation of the lids. If she does not succeed in keeping the eyes free from these shreds the physician will remove them at least once a day. If the conjunctiva of the globe becomes swollen and edematous and rolls up over the edge of the cornea, the nutrition of this precious membrane becomes threatened, and inflammation of the cornea, with ulceration or sloughing, is the cause of the blindness which follows this disease. At the slightest indication of haziness of its surface the iced compresses should be discontinued and hot fomentations resorted to. They may be applied every three hours for fifteen minutes each time. Great care and judgment are necessary in order that the heat be sufficient to be effective without burning the delicate skin of the lids and that it be continuous. The compresses should be changed at least every sixty seconds during their application. When the cornea becomes ulcerated great care must be used in the manipulation of the lids not to make pressure upon the eye-ball for fear of causing perforation. If the lids are slippery from the presence of vaselin or discharge, a single thickness of gauze or a little cotton held between the finger and the lid will be found a great help in opening the eye.