[235] E.g., Tertullian, _de virg. vel_., 9. St. Paul of Nolan, letter 23, § 135--Migne, 61, p. 273. Id., letter 26, vol. 61, p. 732 of Migne. Cf. Augustine, letter 262, § 5--Migne, 33, p. 1079. [236] Basilius, _ad Amphil_., c.42: Matrimonia sine iis, qui potestatem habent, fornicationes sunt. Ambrose says: Honorantur parentes Rebeccae muneribus, consulitur puella non de sponsalibus, illa enim expectat iudicium parentum; non est enim virginalis pudoris eligere maritum. [237] Virginitas praeferenda coniugio--August., vol. 44, p. 142 of Migne. The Council of Trent, eleven centuries later, in its twenty-fourth session, re-echoed this sentiment and anathematised any one who should deny it. [238] Migne, vol. 16, p. 342. [239] Id., II, p. 1074. [240] Tertullian _ad uxorem_, i, 3. [241] Id. _ad uxorem_, i, 5. See also Gregory of Nyassa, _de Virg_., iii, on the evils of matrimony. [242] v. Tertullian, _ad uxorem_. For Paul of Nolan, see Migne, vol. 61, p. 22. [243] Laudo nuptias, laudo coniugium, sed quia mihi virgines generant. [244] _Ad uxorem_, i, 7 and 9: non aliud dicendum erit secundum matrimonium quam species stupri. [245] Jerome, _Epist_., 123. See also id., _Epistola de viduitate servanda_, Migne 22, p. 550, and the _Epist. de monogamia_, Migne, 22, p. 1046. Ambrose, _de viduis liber unus_, Migne, 16, p. 234. Cf. Alanus de Insulis in Migne, vol. 210, p. 194: Vidua ad secundas nuptias non transeat. [246] See, e.g., St. Cyprian, _de habitu virginum_. Tertullian, _de virginibus velandis_ and _de cultu feminarum_. Treatises on the way widows should dress were written, among others, by St. Paul of Nolan, _Epist_. 23, §§ 133-135--Migne 61; Augustine, St. Fulgentius Rusp., St. Paulinus Aquil., and St. Petrus Damianus. [247] _De cultu feminarum_, i, 8. [248] Lavacrum etiam corporum ususque balneorum non sit assiduus, sed eo quo solet intervallo temporis tribuatur, hoc est, semel in mense. Nisi infirmitatis necessitas cogat, corpus saepius non lavandum--Augustine, _de monialibus_, Migne, vol. 33, page 963. CHAPTER III RIGHTS OF WOMEN AS MODIFIED BY THE CHRISTIAN EMPERORS