When Nikon passed from power, lesser men took up the battle. Chief among these was Archimandrite Simeon Polotzky (already mentioned), who lived from 1626-1681, and was the first learned man to become tutor to a Tzarevitch. The spirit of the times no longer permitted the heir to the throne to be taught merely to read and write from the primer, the Psalter, and the "Book of Hours"; and Alexei Mikhailovitch appointed Simeon Polotzky instructor to the Tzarevitch Feodor. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW 1. What unfavorable conditions do we find in Russian society at the beginning of the sixteenth century? 2. Who was Maxim the Greek, and what service did he render to his times? 3. What was the purpose of the "House-Regulator" of Pope Sylvester? 4. How does he define the duties of woman? 5. What early attempts at printing were made in Russia? 6. What qualities of Ivan the Terrible may be seen in his writings? 7. Describe his correspondence with Prince Kurbsky. 8. How do Kurbsky's qualities compare with those of the Tzar, as shown in this correspondence? 9. Why is Kurbsky's history of Moscow a remarkable work? 10. What great work was done by Moghila and his Academy? 11. How did his influence prove very far-reaching? 12. What did other writers of this time say of the need for better education in Russia? 13. Describe the career of the famous Patriarch Nikon. BIBLIOGRAPHY _History of Russia._ Rambaud, Chapter XV., Ivan the Terrible, also Chapters XVI.-XX. _The Story of Russia._ W. R. Morfill. CHAPTER V FOURTH PERIOD, FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY TO THE EPOCH OF REFORM UNDER PETER THE GREAT. Even in far-away, northeastern Russia a break is apparent in the middle of the sixteenth century; and during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, a new sort of historical composition came into vogue--the so-called "Stepennaya Kniga," or "Book of Degrees" (or steps), wherein the national history was set forth in order, according to the Degrees of the Princely Houses in the lines of descent from Rurik to Ivan the Terrible in twenty degrees. This method found favor, and another degree was added in the seventeenth century, bringing the history down to the death of the Tzar Alexei Mikhailovitch. During the seventeenth century many attempts were made at collections and chronicles, the only one approaching fullness being the "Chronicle of Nikon," so-called, probably, because it was compiled by order of the Patriarch Nikon.