Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
We read that[76] “Next to Indra, Agni, and Soma, the twin deities
named the Aśvins are the most prominent in the Rig Veda, judged by
the frequency with which they are invoked. They are celebrated in
more than fifty entire hymns and in parts of several others, while
their name occurs more than 400 times. Though they hold a distinct
position among the deities of light and their appellation is Indian,
their connexion with any definite phenomenon of light is so obscure,
that their original nature has been a puzzle to Vedic interpreters
from the earliest times. This obscurity makes it probable that the
origin of these gods is to be sought in a pre-Vedic period.... The
Aśvins are young, the T. S. (Taittirīya Sanhitâ) even describing them
as the youngest of the gods. They are at the same time ancient. They
are bright, lords of lustre, of golden brilliancy, and honey-hued....
They possess profound wisdom and occult power. The two most distinctive
and frequent epithets of the Aśvins are _dasra_, ‘wondrous,’ which is
almost entirely limited to them, and _nāsatya_, which is generally
explained to mean ‘not untrue....’ Their car ... moves round heaven.
It traverses heaven and earth in a single day as the car of the sun
and that of Uṣas (the Dawn) are also said to do.... The time of their
appearance is often said to be the early dawn, when ‘darkness still
stands among the ruddy cows’ and they yoke their car to descend to
earth and receive the offerings of worshippers. Uṣas (the Dawn) awakes
them. They follow after Uṣas in their car. At the yoking of their car
Uṣas is born. Thus their relative time seems to have been between dawn
and sunrise. But Savitṛ (the sun) is once said to set their car in
motion before the dawn. Occasionally the appearance of the Aśvins, the
kindling of the sacrificial fire, the break of dawn, and sunrise seem
to be spoken of as simultaneous. The Aśvins are invoked to come to the
offering not only at their natural time, but also in the evening or
at morning, noon, and sunset.... In the A. B. (Aitareya Brahmana) the
Aśvins as well as Uṣas and Agni are stated to be gods of dawn; and in
the Vedic ritual they are connected with sunrise.... The Aśvins may
originally have been conceived as finding and restoring or rescuing
the vanished light of the sun. In the Rig Veda they have come to be
typically succouring divinities.” ... Again, at p. 51, the writer adds,
“Quite a number of legends illustrating the succouring power of the
Aśvins are referred to in the Rig Veda.” Here follows an enumeration of
many miraculous “protections,” and cures,--and then[77] “The opinion
of Bergaigne and others that the various miracles attributed to the
Aśvins are anthropomorphized forms of solar phenomena (the healing
of the blind man thus meaning the release of the sun from darkness),
seems to lack probability. At the same time the legend of Atri may be
a reminiscence of a myth explaining the restoration of the vanished
sun.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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