Apollonius of Tyana, the Philosopher-Reformer of the First Century A.D.Mead, G. R. S. (George Robert Stow)
Religion
Apollonius of Tyana, the Philosopher-Reformer of the First Century A.D.
Mead, G. R. S. (George Robert Stow)
Apollonius, of Tyana; Philosophers -- Greece -- Biography; Philosophy, Ancient -- Oriental influences
Most of the recorded wonder-doings of Apollonius are cases of prophecy
or foreseeing; of seeing at a distance and seeing the past; of seeing or
hearing in vision; of healing the sick or curing cases of obsession or
possession.
Already as a youth, in the temple at Ægæ, Apollonius gave signs of the
possession of the rudiments of this psychic insight; not only did he
sense correctly the nature of the dark past of a rich but unworthy
suppliant who desired the restoration of his eyesight, but he foretold,
though unclearly, the evil end of one who made an attempt upon his
innocence (i. 12).
On meeting with Damis, his future faithful henchman volunteered his
services for the long journey to India on the ground that he knew the
languages of several of the countries through which they had to pass.
“But I understand them all, though I have learned none of them,”
answered Apollonius, in his usual enigmatical fashion, and added:
“Marvel not that I know all the tongues of men, for I know even what
they never say” (i. 19). And by this he meant simply that he could read
men’s thoughts, not that he could speak all languages. But Damis and
Philostratus cannot understand so simple a fact of psychic experience;
they will have it that he knew not only the language of all men, but
also of birds and beasts (i. 20).
In his conversation with the Babylonian monarch Vardan, Apollonius
distinctly claims foreknowledge. He says that he is a physician of the
soul and can free the king from the diseases of the mind, not only
because he knows what ought to be done, that is to say the proper
discipline taught in the Pythagorean and similar schools, but also
because he foreknows the nature of the king (i. 32). Indeed we are told
that the subject of foreknowledge (προγνώσεως), of which science (σοφία)
Apollonius was a deep student, was one of the principal topics discussed
by our philosopher and his Indian hosts (iii. 42).
In fact, as Apollonius tells his philosophical and studious friend the
Roman Consul Telesinus, for him wisdom was a kind of divinizing or
making divine of the whole nature, a sort of perpetual state of
inspiration (θειασμός) (iv. 40). And so we are told that Apollonius was
apprised of all things of this nature by the energy of his dæmonial
nature (δαιμoνίως) (vii. 10). Now for the student of the Pythagorean and
Platonic schools the “dæmon” of a man was what may be called the higher
self, the spiritual side of the soul as distinguished from the purely
human. It is the better part of the man, and when his physical
consciousness is at-oned with this “dweller in heaven,” he has
(according to the highest mystic philosophy of ancient Greece) while
still on earth the powers of those incorporeal intermediate beings
between Gods and men called “dæmons”; a stage higher still, the living
man becomes at-oned with his divine soul, he becomes a God on earth; and
yet a stage higher he becomes at one with the Good and so becomes God.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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