as it is not desirable to have all this dead weight resting upon the wheels without any elasticity, the motor is carried by the crossbars _B B_, Fig. 15, which rest upon springs _s s_ at each end. The beam _A_ and a similar one at the farther end of the _B B_ bars extend out to the sides of the car truck and are suitably secured to the latter. The coils _w w_ are the ends of the field coils and the armature connections, and to these the wires conveying the current from the trolley are connected. The cover _C_ on top of the motor at one end closes an opening through which access to the commutator brushes is obtained. The armature is shown at _H_ in Fig. 16 and the commutator at _K_ in the same figure. Directly under the armature may be seen one of the field magnet coils, it being marked _R_. [Illustration: FIG. 16.--RAILWAY MOTOR WITH CASING OPEN, SHOWING ARMATURE IN LOWER HALF.] As will be noticed in Fig. 16, the motor casing is made so as to open along the central line, and the lower half is secured to the top by means of hinges, _g g_, Fig. 15, and also by a number of bolts, which are not so clearly shown. The gear wheels are also located within a casing, which (Fig. 16) is made so as to be readily opened whenever it becomes necessary. All the vital parts of the machine are entirely covered, and are not easily injured by mud or water. The construction of the armature and commutator is well illustrated in Fig. 17, which shows this part of the machine by itself. The armature is marked _A_, the shaft _B_, and the commutator _C_. In the diagrams, Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, the wire coils are represented as wound upon the surface of the armature core, but, from Fig. 17, it will be noticed that they are located in grooves. A railway motor armature core, when seen without the wire coils, looks very much like a wide-faced cog wheel with extra long teeth, not very well shaped for gear teeth. In Fig. 17 the ends of the teeth are marked _D_, and the grooves within which the wire is wound are marked _E_. The coils are not wound so that their sides are on diametrically opposite sides of the armature core, but so that they may be one quarter of the circumference apart, and, as will be noticed, the wires are arranged so as to fit neatly into each other at the ends of the armature core. The bands marked _F F F F_ are provided for the purpose of holding the wire coils within the grooves. The flanges _H_ and _I_ are simply shields to prevent oil, grease, or even water, if it should pass through the bearings, from being thrown upon the commutator or armature. The pinion through which the armature imparts motion to the car-wheel axle is not shown in Fig. 17, but it is mounted upon the taper end of the shaft. [Illustration: FIG. 17.--ARMATURE OF ELECTRIC RAILWAY MOTOR.]