No baby should be given cathartics nor enemas, except in emergencies. Even castor-oil is not safe, because if constipation springs from the fact that the milk is already too rich in fat, the oil increases the trouble. Enemas given every day weaken the muscles of the lower bowel. Up to the time the baby is six months old the mother should give no cathartic except milk of magnesia. The bottle-fed baby is given some of this at each feeding. It may be given to the breast-fed baby in a little boiled and warmed water, just before nursing. If milk of magnesia and attention to the diet do not correct the trouble, then a physician should be called in. After six months a child may have orange juice, or orange and pineapple juice, strained; also apples scraped very fine. Massage or kneading the abdomen lightly sometimes brings relief; but this should never be done immediately after the baby is fed. An hour should be permitted to elapse; and it is still better to massage the abdomen just before feeding. However, massage without correcting the diet is not sufficient. Constipation must be corrected during infancy, for there is no other evil of the human system that can bring upon men and women a greater number of ailments which make life one long story of aches and pains. Diarrhea is a symptom of acute illness, and frequently ends in death. It is the most dangerous of all symptoms that babies develop. With all the agencies at work for infant welfare in large cities, during hot weather, more babies die of diarrhea than of all the contagious diseases, like measles, whooping-cough, diphtheria, scarlet and typhoid fever, put together. Even in the country, with its pure air and its better facilities for securing clean milk, babies die of diarrhea in shocking numbers. This dreaded disease of infancy can generally be traced to two causes: improper food, and unclean milk. One reason why it is more prevalent in summer than in winter is the fact that heat affects milk quickly and unfits it for the baby’s digestion. When the breast-fed baby has diarrhea, the mother must immediately look to her own diet. The mother of the bottle-fed baby must look to the source and care given to the cow’s milk fed to the baby. In this respect the small-town mother and the farmer’s wife have the advantage over the city mother. They can secure milk from healthy cows, directly the milking is over, twice a day. They can strain it through cheese-cloth, cool it rapidly on ice, and allow no contaminating hand or utensil to touch it. The city mother must pin her faith to certified milk.