The actual condition of Greece is a disgrace to the political
civilisation of Europe. There is hope for the Othoman Empire, for the
Turks are sensible that they have much to learn; but for the kingdom of
Greece there is no hope, unless the modern Hellenes lay aside the
self-conceit which induces them to boast of their superior orthodoxy
when the question relates to their practical ignorance. Englishmen and
Russians, despots and demagogues, princes and people, Europeans and
Americans, all agree in pronouncing King Otho’s kingdom a satire on
monarchical institutions, constitutional legislation, and central
administration. The valour and patriotism displayed by the Albanians of
Suli and Hydra, and by the Greeks of Messolonghi and Psara, were the
theme of well-merited praise, and were rewarded by liberal gifts of
money and other supplies from the friends of Greece in Germany,
Switzerland, France, England, and the United States of America. Greece
has great obligations to the people of Western Europe, whom she now
stigmatises as hostile Latins. It was the voice of the people that moved
the Cabinet of London to take the initiative in the negotiations which
caused the battle of Navarino, and conferred on Greece the rank of an
independent kingdom by the treaty of 1832.
No political experiment during the present century—fruitful as the
period has been in producing new States—excited higher expectations or
warmer wishes for its success. Twenty-two years have now elapsed since
Greece became a kingdom under the sceptre of Prince Otho of Bavaria. He
was then a minor, and he was selected to fill the new throne more for
his father’s merits than from any promise of superior talent in his own
person. King Louis of Bavaria loved art, and his want of political
capacity and military power removed any feelings of jealousy on the part
of the greater powers in Europe to the addition thus made to the dignity
of the house of Wittelsbach. King Otho was known to be a youth of very
moderate attainments; but his natural deficiencies being fortunately
united to an amiable disposition, it was expected that he would prove a
docile monarch, and listen to good counsellors. It has proved otherwise.
His limited capacity has not been more remarkable than his obstinacy and
perverseness in following a line of policy which has inflicted serious
injury on Greece. Notwithstanding a natural love of justice, and a good
moral character, his misgovernment has degenerated into corruption,
though it has not assumed a character of systematic tyranny. On the
whole, his incapacity to perform the duties of his station, and his
silly eagerness to assume the appearance of being a despotic sovereign,
while he was unable to make any use of the greater part of the
prerogatives willingly conceded to him by his subjects, have made him a
very apt regal type of the anarchical and rapacious nation he rules. The
result is, that the hopes of ardent Philhellenes, the expectations of
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