Border guard : $b The story of the United States Customs ServiceWhitehead, Don
History
Border guard : $b The story of the United States Customs Service
Whitehead, Don
Customs administration -- United States; Smuggling -- United States; United States. Bureau of Customs; United States. Division of Customs
One method of getting Vermont goods across the border into Canada was
this: dozens of wagons or sleds would be loaded with barrels of pork,
flour, and other commodities. They would be driven to a hillside point
on the American side of the border. A hut would be built in such a
way that, when a stone was kicked from the foundation, the hut would
collapse, the floor would tilt and the contents would roll down the
slope of the hill into Canada, where men were waiting to receive it.
Who was guilty of smuggling if barrels of merchandise, of their own
momentum, suddenly rolled across the border into Canada?
Many Vermonters, however, applauded the action of the President and
supported Customs Collector Penniman in his efforts to halt the illegal
trade across the border. A group of citizens in Franklin County
publicly applauded the action of the President and the Collector. They
said that the lumber and potash merchants were determined to carry on
their “nefarious schemes” of smuggling by armed force if necessary and
that threats had been made to kill the Collector if he attempted to
enforce the laws. There were hints also of a citizens’ agreement for
an uprising if any troops should kill anyone in the process of law
enforcement.
Soldiers were stationed along the border at Windmill Point on the
western shore of Alburg under the command of Major Charles K. Williams,
who later was to become Governor of Vermont. The Customs officers
themselves had a twelve-oared cutter called _The Fly_, which they used
near the outlet of the lake to intercept smuggling operations.
One of the most famous of the boats used by the smugglers was known
throughout the area as the _Black Snake_. This boat was originally
built for ferry service between Charlotte and Essex, New York. It was
40 feet long, 17 feet wide, and had seven oars on each side in addition
to a sail. After being smeared with tar, the boat was almost invisible
at night. It was said to have a capacity of 100 barrels of ashes, and
for a single run across the border the owners received $5,000 to $6,000.
The _Black Snake_ would sneak into St. Albans Bay at night, take on a
cargo of potash, and then slip through various creeks and inlets into
Missisquoi Bay, across Cook’s Bay, and into Canada at a point about one
mile north of Alburg Springs.
Customs officers tried without success for months to halt the
operations of the _Black Snake_. At last, in August, 1808, government
officials detailed Lt. Daniel Farrington, Sgt. David D. Johnson, and
twelve infantry privates to board the Customs boat, _The Fly_. Their
orders were to pursue the _Black Snake_ until its capture.
On the night of August 2, the _Black Snake_ moved into the Onion River
to take on a cargo of potash. The commander of the craft was Truman
Mudgett of Highgate, a burly, thick-chested man whose defiance of the
Customs officers had made his craft famous.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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