either expressed or implied. Here _quibus_ implies _omnibusne_. Cf. div. in Caec. 52 _quid enim dices? An id quod dictitas_ ... where _quid_ implies _nihilne_: also below, 23, 29 _anne_. A 211, _b_; G. 459; H. 353, 2, n. 4. -- IUVENTUTE ET VIRIBUS: commonly explained as a hendiadys, _i.e._ as put for _iuventutis viribus_; but Cic. no more meant this than we mean 'the strength of youth' when we speak of 'youth and strength'. Real instances of hendiadys are much rarer than is generally supposed. -- QUAE: = _tales ut_. -- L. PAULUS: this is L. Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus, consul in 182 B.C., and again in 168 when he finished the third Macedonian war by utterly defeating Perseus at Pydna. For his connection with Scipio and Cato see Introd. -- PATER TUUS: _i.e. Scipio_; so in 29 _avi tui_, and in 75 _avum tuum_, without mention of young Scipio's name, but in 49 _patris tui, Scipio_; so 77. -- FABRICII etc.: for the plurals see n. on 13. C. Fabricius Luscinus, consul in 282, 278, and 273 B.C., censor in 275, held the command against Pyrrhus. The Roman writers, Cicero especially, are never tired of eulogizing him as a pattern of old-fashioned Roman virtue. Manius Curius Dentatus, consul in 290, 275, and 274 practically, if not formally, ended the third Samnite war, and also commanded against Pyrrhus; see 55. He was famed for his sturdy Roman simplicity and frugality. Tiberius Coruncanius as consul in 280 crushed an Etruscan insurrection. In 252 he became the first plebeian pontifex maximus. These three men are very frequently mentioned together by Cicero; cf. below, 43, Lael. 18. -- NIHIL AGEBANT: observe that _nihil agebat_ is put at the beginning of the first sentence, _nihil agebant_ at the end of the second; chiasmus. 16. A. CLAUDI: Appius Claudius, the head of the most strongly aristocratic family in Rome, was censor in 311 B.C., when he constructed the _via Appia_, and consul in 307 and 296. He had to be carried into the senate-house in order to oppose the peace with Pyrrhus -- ACCEDEBAT UT: _accedit_ is far oftener followed by a clause with _quod_ and indicative than by a clause with _ut_ and subjunctive. When the _quod_ clause follows, it contains a fact looked at merely as a fact and nothing more, but the _ut_ clause views the fact as consequent upon, or dependent on some other fact. Here the blindness is regarded as being the consequence of old age, though Livy 9, 29, 11 and other authors attribute it to the anger of the gods, because as censor Appius had taken the administration of the worship of Hercules away from the ancient family of the Potitii, and had placed it in the hands of public slaves. The mental vigor of Appius in his old age is mentioned by Cic. in Tusc. 5, 112.