Cavity-Nesting Birds of North American Forests: Agriculture Handbook 511 — John Shaqi
Cavity-Nesting Birds of North American Forests: Agriculture Handbook 511Scott, Virgil E.
Science
Cavity-Nesting Birds of North American Forests: Agriculture Handbook 511
Scott, Virgil E.
Birds -- Nests; Birds -- North America; Cavity-nesting birds -- North America; Forest birds -- North America
[Illustration]
Habitat: House wrens are common nesters in shrubbery and brush
throughout the northern two-thirds of the United States, but they winter
in the southern states. They range from the plains to timberline
throughout the Rocky Mountains. They are commonly found along the edges
of woods, swamps, fields, and in orchards.
Nest: House wrens are aggressive in their nesting habits and will drive
other birds from cavities. Nests have been found in a variety of sites
including 2-inch pipes used to brace fence posts, nesting boxes, natural
cavities, and downy woodpecker holes (Sutton 1930). Nests are usually
less than 10 feet above the ground. Diameter of the entrance hole in
nesting boxes should be 1 inch.
Food: House wrens are capable of eating large quantities of insects and
arthropods, which constitute 98 percent of their diet. Animal items
include beetles, caterpillars, bugs, grasshoppers, and ants (Bent 1948).
Brown-throated wren
_Troglodytes brunneicollis_
L 4″
[Illustration]
Habitat: Brown-throated wrens inhabit oak forests, mostly in desert
ranges, but can be found up to elevations of 8,000 feet in southern
Arizona.
Nest: This wren uses natural cavities or old woodpecker holes in tree
trunks or limbs. Like the house wren, it will sometimes occupy recesses
about buildings and nest boxes (Pough 1957).
Food: We could not find published information on food habits but the
diet is probably insects similar to that of other wrens.
Winter wren
_Troglodytes troglodytes_
L 3¼″
[Illustration]
Habitat: Winter wrens inhabit coniferous forests of spruce, fir, and
pine, and underbrush in woodlands in eastern and western United States
and Canada.
Nest: Winter wren nests, made from twigs and leaves, are built near the
ground in exposed roots or fallen logs or in rocks and crevices (Bent
1948, Wetmore 1964).
Food: Details on food items were not found in the literature, but the
diet is probably adult and larval stages of insects (Bent 1948).
Bewick’s wren
_Thryomanes bewickii_
L 4½″
[Illustration]
Habitat: Bewick’s wrens are common and widespread in the West, but
uncommon and local in the Appalachians and Ozarks. They are usually
found in farmyards, brushlands, fencerows, and suburban areas. Bewick’s
wrens are fairly common in the pinyon-juniper forest type, and in
mesquite-willow-cottonwood associations along southwestern streams.
Nest: Nests of the Bewick’s wren can be found in a multitude of places.
Most nests are cup-shaped and can be either open or closed above. They
are usually located in cavities close to the ground (Miller 1941). Nest
sites include natural cavities, woodpecker holes, knotholes in fallen
trees, fence posts, tin cans, bird boxes, and deserted automobiles (Bent
1948).
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