Another form of Indian pottery must not be forgotten, for the significance of the pipe in the early history of our country cannot be over-rated. The calumet was a moral, religious, and political influence; on its manufacture and ornamentation the Indian expended all his skill and his best labor; and to its suited and significant use he gave his deepest thought. The use of the pipe was a devotional service—the Great Spirit smoked His pipe, and his followers did likewise in His honor; it was a political signal—no war was declared, no treaty of peace was signed without the accompaniment and symbolical use of the pipe. Lieutenant Timberlake says that the Cherokees made pipes “of the same earth they made their pots with, but beautifully diversified,” and he pathetically records that he was forced to smoke so many pipes of peace with them that he was made very unpleasantly sick thereby. This special tribe of Indians had such fine blue clay, and knew so well how to mix and prepare it, that they made better pipes than their neighbors, and thus pipes became a medium of exchange—Indian money. The strong clay pipes of the English settlers were, as soon as imported, eagerly sought for and quickly purchased by the Indians. Fine and varied specimens of the pottery vessels and pipes of the various Indian nations may be found in the cabinets of the Smithsonian Institution, in the rooms of the various State historical societies, in the buildings of our colleges and natural history associations, and may be studied to advantage by the student of ceramics. A full or worthy history of the fictile art of the North American Indians has yet to be written. I doubt if the colonists ever used the Indian pottery, for at an early date they began to manufacture bricks and earthen ware, and having wheels to help them in shaping their pots, could far outdo the Indians. They made laws to protect such manufacture. The General Court of Massachusetts ordered, as early as 1646, that “tyle earth to make sale ware shall be digged before the first of 9 mo and turned over in the last or first before it be wrought.” John Pride, of Salem, was registered as a potter in 1641. He may have helped to establish a pottery in Danvers, then a suburb of Salem, for the manufacture of earthen ware in that town was coeval with the existence of the settlement; and the Danvers pot-works were, I believe, the first to be established in America by any of the colonies. Higginson, writing from Salem in 1629, said, “It is thought here is good clay to make bricks & tyles and earthen pot as may be. At this instant we are setting a bricke kill to worke to make brickes and tyles for the building of our houses.”