Christianity in relation to Freethought, Scepticism, and Faith: Three discourses by the Bishop of Peterborough with special replies by Mr. C. BradlaughBradlaugh, Charles
Religion
Christianity in relation to Freethought, Scepticism, and Faith: Three discourses by the Bishop of Peterborough with special replies by Mr. C. Bradlaugh
Let us ask if morality can exist without faith or trust, whether we
can get a demonstrative or scientific basis for morality itself? I
ask this, because those who ask for the destruction of our religion
talk of the gain to morality. They say, Sweep away the influences of
religion and morality will be stronger. Let us see how morality will
bear the assaults of scepticism. Morality is that code or rule of
action which we follow in questions of right or wrong, or it is that
code of right and wrong which every man adopts for himself. To take
the first definition. Have we got the universal sense of humanity
upon any moral question of right or wrong? If the majority of
mankind agree with us, can we prove logically that they must always
be right and the minority wrong? Again, which morality will we
have—that of to-day or that of a past generation? If we cannot
settle the question by majority or minority, how are we to settle it?
By asking the opinion of the wise and good. Before we know the wise
and good we must know what wisdom and goodness are; and if we know
what they are, what need have we to look to the wise and good to tell
us? Who are the wise and good? Those who gave good opinions. Is
that logical? Will it stand sceptical inquiry? If it is not to be
settled by the appeal to the universal voice of humanity—which is
simply illogical and preposterous, for this reason, that we are part
of universal humanity, and if we differ from that verdict it is not
the verdict of universal humanity, and if we agree with it, we might
as well have taken our own in the first instance—then man must decide
for himself what is right and wrong. What is it decides in a man
what is right or wrong? Conscience. Why must a man submit to the
decision of his own conscience? We are told that it is part of our
moral nature. What demonstration is there that one part of our
nature is to yield to another? Have we any logical demonstration as
to what we are? I have a scientific demonstration that I am made of
carbon, lime, phosphate, and certain other chemicals, but no man of
science has ever demonstrated spirit or conscience. Why is it that a
man is to obey the bidding of one convolution of his brain more than
another? It cannot be made as clear as that two and two make four,
that a man is to do to another man as he would be done unto. Duty
and right are words of the spirit, of the soul, but science and logic
never yet revealed the soul.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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