Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
Thus, in the present case, to know this power of points may possibly
be of some use to mankind, though we should never be able to explain
it. The following experiments, as well as those in my first paper, show
this power. I have a large prime conductor, made of several thin sheets
of clothier’s pasteboard, formed into a tube, near ten feet long and a
foot diameter. It is covered with Dutch embossed paper, almost totally
gilt. This large metallic surface supports a much greater electrical
atmosphere than a rod of iron of fifty times the weight would do. It
is suspended by silk lines, and when charged will strike, at near two
inches distance, a pretty hard stroke, so as to make one’s knuckles
ache. Let a person standing on the floor present the point of a needle,
at twelve or more inches distance from it, and while the needle is
so presented, the conductor cannot be charged, the point drawing off
the fire as fast as it is thrown on by the electrical globe. Let it
be charged, and then present the point at the same distance, and it
will suddenly be discharged. In the dark you may see the light on the
point, when the experiment is made. And if the person holding the point
stands upon wax, he will be electrified by receiving the fire at that
distance. Attempt to draw off the electricity with a blunt body, as
a bolt of iron round at the end, and smooth, (a silversmith’s iron
punch, inch thick, is what I use,) and you must bring it within the
distance of three inches before you can do it, and then it is done
with a stroke and crack. As the pasteboard tube hangs loose on silk
lines, when you approach it with the punch-iron, it likewise will move
towards the punch, being attracted while it is charged, but if, at the
same instant, a point be presented as before, it retires again, for the
point discharges it. Take a pair of large brass scales, of two or more
feet beam, the cords of the scales being silk. Suspend the beam by a
pack-thread from the ceiling, so that the bottom of the scales may be
about a foot from the floor; the scales will move round in a circle
by the untwisting of the pack-thread. Set the iron punch on the end
upon the floor, in such a place as that the scales may pass over it
in making their circle; then electrify one scale by applying the wire
of a charged phial to it. As they move round, you see that scale draw
nigher to the floor, and dip more when it comes over the punch; and, if
that be placed at a proper distance, the scale will snap and discharge
its fire into it. But, if a needle be stuck on the end of the punch,
its point upward, the scale, instead of drawing nigh to the punch, and
snapping, discharges its fire silently through the point, and rises
higher from the punch. Nay, even if the needle be placed upon the floor
near the punch, its point upward, the end of the punch, though so much
higher than the needle, will not attract the scale and receive its
fire, for the needle will get it and convey it away, before it comes
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