(_a_) Emmetropia in 18 cases. A determination of refraction, mostly ophthalmoscopic, of the weaker eye is submitted in 11 cases, which divide themselves into, 4 with emmetropia, 3 with hypermetropia (of H. 2 D. and 2·25 D.), 3 with hypermetropic astigmatism, I with myopic astigmatism. (_b_) Myopia in 5 cases (3 of M. 1 D. to 1·5 D., 2 of M. 4·5 D. and 4 D.), the condition of the defective eye was determined in 3 cases, and was twice hypermetropic, once astigmatic. (_c_) Hypermetropia in 8 cases, hypermetropic astigmatism in 3. In 4 cases an exact determination of refraction even of the better eye was for some reason impracticable. There are 4 cases in this group where the visual acuteness in both eyes did not exceed the above-stated small amount, and one which was interesting from another point of view. CASE 19.--Max L--, æt. 8-1/2, recognises No. 24, and a few letters of 18 at 5 metres with the better eye with convex 6 D.; at 1 metre V. 1/4 to 1/3, the left eye recognises only No. 60 at 5 m. with + 6 D. at 1 m. No. 0·75 is read with difficulty. If we exclude one eye it lapses into now less, now greater convergence, and still no squint is present, but diplopia as well as binocular fusion can be proved by the aid of prisms. The theory of Donders that squint is less frequent in hypermetropia of high degree because too strong convergence would not suffice to furnish clear retinal images, is scarcely tenable in the face of such cases. If indistinct retinal images are added to a visual acuteness of only 1/3 to 1/4 still, even with faulty accommodation, it is difficult to believe how a child could learn to read if it did not hold the book close to its eyes, which was not the case here, and indeed seldom happens. Therefore, in spite of defective vision the accommodation must have sufficed, without sacrificing binocular fusion, whilst in all probability accommodative convergence followed on exclusion of one eye. B. 48 cases had visual acuteness from 1/12 to 1/36. The better eye was-- (_a_) Emmetropic in 16 cases; in 6 of them the refraction of the defective eye was determined, which showed in one case emmetropia, 3 hypermetropia, 2 astigmatism. (_b_) Myopia of the better eye was present in 7 cases (in 3 myopia of 1 D., in 4 M. 3 D. to 6 D.). (_c_) Hypermetropia in 18, astigmatism in 4 cases. In 3 cases the condition of the better eye was, for some reason or other, indeterminable. In this group I should like to point out the following cases as worthy of attention: