In England there was no coronation of the queen consort at this time, and the same was probably the case ordinarily in France. It will be remembered that in the Eastern Empire if an emperor was married after his accession his bride was crowned at the time of her wedding not only with the nuptial crown but also as empress. It is noticeable that both these coronations of Frankish queens took place at the time of their marriage, and it is most probable that there was some such adaptation of the nuptial coronation (which was at this time used in the West) to the special circumstances of the royal bride. The occurrence of _Sursum corda_ and Preface before the consecration prayer in the case of Judith is the first occasion of their use in this connection, but probably this too is due to the influence of the special Preface of the nuptial rite with which it is combined. II In the tenth century there appears a definite French rite. This is represented by the orders contained in the codex of Ratold of Corbey[93] and Martène’s Ordo VII[94], which are very close to the almost contemporary second English recension, and manifestly derived from an English source. It begins, as does the rite of Louis II in 877, with the petition of the bishops, _A vobis perdonari_, and the king’s promise, _Promitto vobis_. Here in M. VII comes the Oath _Haec tria_[95], which has been lengthened by the insertion of a promise to persecute heretics. Then comes the Recognition, two bishops asking the people if they will accept the king as the ruler, and _Te Deum_ is sung, followed by the prayers _Te invocamus_, _Deus qui populis_ and (alia) _In diebus eius_. In M. VII the investiture with the sword followed by _Deus qui providentia_ and the Litany are inserted after _Te Deum_. Now comes the _Consecratio regis_, consisting of the prayer _Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, creator et gubernator_, during which the king is anointed, the anthem _Unxerunt Salomonem_ being sung at the time of the anointing, (alia) _Deus electorum fortitudo_, (alia) _Deus Dei Filius_. There is no indication of the number of anointings in Ratold’s order, but in M. VII there are five, the head, breast, between the shoulders, on the shoulders, and the bend of the arms being specified. The investitures follow; the Ring with the form _Accipe anulum signaculum_ and the prayer _Deus cuius est omnis potestas_, and the rest of the regalia, Sword, Crown, Sceptre, and Verge, are delivered in the same order and with the same forms as in the second English recension. After the investitures comes a series of six benedictions, all of which already occur in the orders of Charles the Bald (869) and Louis II (877), followed (item alia) by three more that are found in ‘Egbert’s’ rite. The king is then enthroned with the form _Sta et retine_, and last of all occurs in Ratold the charge as to the duties of a king, not yet in the form of an oath, but as in Egbert, _Rectitudo est regis noviter ordinati_. In M.