While the diagram can be applied to a 4─hour job, the worker is not paid by the separate job, but is paid straight day wages and a bonus for his full─pay period efficiency. For each per cent of efficiency there is a corresponding increase in pay. For 100 per cent efficiency the increase is 20 per cent, and for each 1 per cent increase in efficiency above an efficiency of 100 per cent, the pay also increases 1 per cent; therefore, for 120 per cent efficiency the pay is increased 40 per cent. Below 100 per cent the pay table runs as follows: Efficiency Additional Pay Per Cent Per Cent 67 0.00 74 1. 80 3.27 85 6.17 90 9.91 95 14.53 100 20. The system has other merits: (1) It standardizes not only the work of each worker, but also of every foreman, every department, and of the shop as a whole. (2) It therefore standardizes the shop cost of every job, whether it is done by a cheap apprentice in two hours, or a high priced mechanic in 10 hours. The average shop or department efficiency factor equalizes accidental variations. (3) It separates absolutely all questions of wage rate from questions of output, shop conditions, or individual excellence. (4) It fines the management heavily if shop conditions are not maintained so as to realize standard times. (5) It puts no limit on the ambition or earning power of any man. (6) Standard times are being constantly corrected. If the standard man cannot average 100 per cent on his schedules, it is evident that some of them are too short and ought to be lengthened. If on the other hand, a new machine tool is introduced, new schedules are drawn up for it, but the worker will not, on that account, make less than he did on the old schedule. It is too much to expect that any system of paying wages will prevent an outbreak of selfish interests whether of employer or wage earner. There will, however, be a distinct gain if the nature of the disagreement can be made entirely distinct and plain. Clear thinking must precede clear acting, and this description of different wage systems may contribute towards clearer conceptions and more just practice.