Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
As a rule, the overseas men did not travel so comfortably from the
ports of debarkation to the demobilization centers as they had ridden
when, months earlier, they had traveled from those same centers up to
the ports to board the ships for France. The conditions of military
transportation were different. The equipment of railway cars at the
Army’s disposal was limited. It had never consisted of more than
1,500 sleeping cars--tourist sleepers they were, made by removing
the rugs and hangings from first-class Pullman coaches. These 1,500
cars, in full operation, could carry less than 50,000 men at one
time. Nevertheless, although before the armistice the Army supplied
railroad transportation to over 8,000,000 men, nearly every one who
traveled at night slept in a comfortable berth. During that period
practically all the long-haul travel was between the training camps
and the ports of embarkation. The forces in America proceeded to
embarkation by divisions--camp by camp. Thus it was possible to arrange
the shipping schedules to allow for the most convenient operation
of the military rolling stock. But no such arrangement was possible
during demobilization. The system of splitting up the overseas units
at the ports in this country and distributing their men according to
residential origin made it necessary to maintain practically continuous
train service between the various Atlantic ports and the thirty-three
demobilization centers. The sleeping-car equipment was not nearly large
enough to serve in such an operation, and a great many soldiers rode in
day coaches halfway across the continent. They did not grumble too much
at the treatment. It was better than riding in French box cars, at any
rate, and after all they were getting home.
One of the finest accomplishments of military transportation after the
armistice was the distribution of 150,000 sick and wounded soldiers of
the A. E. F. among the many military hospitals of the United States.
The Transportation Service operated six hospital ships at New York.
These vessels took the patients from the general debarkation hospital
on Ellis Island and carried them on their way to various special
evacuation hospitals in the New York metropolitan district. From there
they were sent to general hospitals throughout the country. The Service
kept six hospital trains in continuous operation, as well as about 250
hospital cars. No such movement of invalids was ever before known in
the United States.
The records of the Transportation Service show that in disbanding the
Army it carried over 7,000,000 military passengers in special cars and
trains. The average journey was 500 miles. Train accidents cost the
lives of only two soldiers and injured only seventeen. This high degree
of safety was largely due to the fact that troop trains were held down
to a running schedule of twenty miles an hour.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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