Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani and Commonly Called Animal ElectricityFowler, Richard
Science
Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani and Commonly Called Animal Electricity
Fowler, Richard
Electrophysiology -- Early works to 1800; Galvani, Luigi, 1737-1798
I first became acquainted with this fact, while making the following
experiment. Having laid bare the brain of a living frog, and put a stop
to its spontaneous motions, by gently pressing upon the brain, I
introduced a long slip of tin-foil doubled underneath a part of the
skull, which had not been removed, and placed a silver probe upon its
tongue. The only muscles which contracted, when the tin-foil was bent
over the nose of the frog, so as to come in contact with the probe,
were those which move the eyes, and the transparent membrane which
defends them, those of the tongue and of the throat. When the tin-foil
was twisted into a thin roll, and passed a little way down the spine,
the muscles of the upper extremities and of the thorax contracted; when
a little further, those of the back and of the abdomen contracted; and
when, introduced still further, to where the sciatic nerves leave the
spine, the posterior extremities were, for the first time, strongly
convulsed. I have repeated this experiment very frequently; and have
always found, that, as soon as the spontaneous motions of frogs had
ceased, the contractions, excited by the metals, were uniformly
progressive from the head downwards, corresponding exactly to the
progress of the metals down the spine. The experiment sometimes
succeeds when neither the brain nor the spinal marrow have been laid
bare, and when even the skin has not been divided, but, when the frog
is placed upon a plate of zinc, and one of the ends of a bent silver
wire is placed upon any part of its spine, while the other is made to
touch the plate.
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5. As it has not been till very lately, that I have been able to
procure an electropherus, I have as yet made but few experiments with
it; their result, however, is such as tends still more to confirm me in
the opinion, that the influence, discovered by Galvani, has no relation
whatever to electricity.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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