[23] 39,200,000 lb. of yarn were imported in 1886 as against 6,435,000 lb. of home-spun yarn. In 1889 the figures were: 56,633,000 lb. imported and 26,809,000 lb. home-spun. [24] In 1910 the imports of cotton and woollens were only £2,650,500, while the exports of cotton yarn, cotton shirtings, and silk manufactures reached a value of £8,164,800. [25] The mining industry has grown as follows:--Copper extracted: 2,407 tons in 1875; 49,000 in 1909. Coal: 567,200 tons in 1875: 15,535,000 in 1909. Iron: 3,447 tons in 1875; 15,268 in 1887; 65,000 in 1909. (K. Rathgen, _Japan’s Volkwirthschaft und Staatshaushaltung_, Leipzig, 1891; Consular Reports.) [26] Workers employed in manufacturing industries: 2,054,000 in 1870, 4,712,600 in 1890, and 6,723,900 in 1905 (including salaried officials and clerks). Value of produce: 3,385,861,000 dollars in 1870, 9,372,437,280 dollars in 1890, and 16,866,707,000 in 1905. Yearly production per head of workers: 1,648 dollars in 1870, 1,989 dollars in 1890, and 2,514 dollars in 1905. [27] About the cotton industry in the United States, see Appendix I. [28] It was from 7,255,076 to 9,811,620 tons of pig-iron during the years 1890-94, and 27,303,600 long tons in 1910 (£85,000,000 worth). The total value of products of the steel works and rolling mills reached in 1909 the immense value of £197,144,500. In the _Statesman’s Year-book_ for the years 1910-1912, the reader may find most striking figures concerning the rapid growth of the iron and steel industry in the States. We have nothing parallel to it in Europe. [29] “The largest output of one blast-furnace in Great Britain does not exceed 750 tons in the week, while in America it had reached 2000 tons” (_Nature_, 19th Nov., 1891, p. 65). In 1909 the Bessemer steel plants had 99 converters; total daily capacity of ingots or direct castings, double turn, in 1909, 45,983 tons. [30] J. R. Dodge, _Farm and Factory: Aids to Agriculture from other Industries_, New York and London, 1884, p. 111. I can but highly recommend this little work to those interested in the question. [31] Per head of population the exports of British produce appear, in shillings, as follows:-- 1876 =121s.= 1877 119s. 1878 114s. 1879 _112s._ 1880 129s. 1881 134s. 1882 =137s.= 1883 135s. 1884 130s. 1885 118s. 1886 _117s._ 1887 121s. 1888 127s. 1889 134s. 1890 =141s.= 1891 131s. 1892 119s. 1893 114s. 1894 _111s._ 1895 112s. 1896 116s. 1897 117s. 1898 116s. 1899 =130s.= 1900 =142s.= 1901 _135s._ 1902 _135s._ 1903 138s. 1904 141s. 1905 153s. 1906 173s. 1907 =194s.= 1908 _171s._ 1909 192s. 1910 =201s.= [32] The International Federation of the Cotton Industry employers gave, on March 1, 1909, the following numbers of spindles in the different countries of the Old and New Worlds:--