Five Years' Explorations at Thebes: A Record of Work Done 1907-1911 by The Earl of Carnarvon and Howard CarterCarnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, Earl of
History
Five Years' Explorations at Thebes: A Record of Work Done 1907-1911 by The Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, Earl of
This tomb, shaped like an inverted T, is the largest one yet opened in
this group; in fact it could be ranked among the larger mausolea of the
Theban Necropolis, and evidently belonged to one of the higher Egyptian
dignitaries (Pls. XXX, LV).
It consists of (1) a long corridor having an eastern frontage with some
eighteen openings, which give access to a rock-cutting of the nature of
an open court. (2) Cut in the back wall of this corridor, and at right
angles to it, are a long central subterranean passage leading to a hall
(_C_), and two sepulchral chambers. Access to one of these sepulchral
chambers (_J_) is by means of a staircase, while the other (_E_) is
approached by a vertical pit (_D_) of four metres in depth; both are cut
in the floor of the hall (_C_). The northern end of the corridor was
divided off by a stone and mortar partition, with a small chamber (_B_)
at the back, which was presumably a portion divided off for a member of
the owner’s family. The blind end of the corridor on the south had
originally been closed by a mud-brick wall, and no doubt thus formed
another private compartment like the third chamber (_A_), which is
parallel to the central passage.
It appears, therefore, that there were five distinct burial chambers
(and if counting the hall (_C_) a sixth) which were closed, leaving the
greater part of the corridor and central passage open for any ceremonial
rites that might be made by the living relations in favour of the
deceased.
This great tomb, dating from the Late Middle Kingdom, was found to have
been utilized for the storing of numerous stray burials of epochs
ranging through the Intermediate Period down to the early part of the
XVIIIth Dynasty. Our reasons for assigning this date to the tomb were
the antiquities (Nos. 85, 86, 87) found in the layer of rubbish and
burnt ashes that covered its floors; these were quite distinct from the
coffins and other antiquities forming the cache which rested upon the
rubbish.
It is difficult to imagine how such a large mausoleum, cut in the
shallow and crumbling limestone stratum, with so many openings, could
for long have been protected from plunderers. The smoke-blackened walls
show how its contents were destroyed, and the martins’ nests, together
with the innumerable mason-bee cells that adhered to the walls and
ceiling, show that the tomb had been left open after having been
plundered for a lengthy period, before it was re-used as a storehouse.
When revealed, the main entrance was not closed by bricks or by stones,
as was often the custom, but the sand was merely poured over when the
Ancients last covered it up. The remaining openings had certainly in
some instances been closed by planks from old coffins, but the greater
number were carelessly filled like the entrance. Three of the inner
chambers were carefully closed; in two cases with bricks, and in one
with stones. These closed chambers were as follows:--
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