See Chap. VII _infra_. Footnote 21: See Chap. XIII _infra_. Footnote 22: Langlois, _Collection des Historiens de l’Arménie_, Paris, 1868, t. I. p. 388. Footnote 23: The late Dr Salmon’s theory that writers like Hippolytus may have been taken in by a forger who made one document do duty for many different sects is given in Chap. VII _infra_, but the arguments in its favour are not conclusive. Footnote 24: See Chap. X _infra_. Footnote 25: Sir Gaston Maspero, “Sur l’Ennéade,” _R.H.R._ Jan.-Fev. 1892, p. 8, says that the Egyptians regarded Osiris as the First Man, and Jéquier repeats the statement in his _Livre de ce qu’il y a dans l’Hadès_, Paris, 1894, pp. 9-10. Yet there seems no evidence that the Egyptians ever knew him under that name. Footnote 26: _De Is. et Os._ c. XLVI. Footnote 27: See (Mdlle) D. Menant, “Parsis et Parsisme,” _Conférences au Musée Guimet_, 1904, and Prof. Williams-Jackson as there quoted. The same date is accepted with some hesitation by Prof. Hope Moulton in his _Early Zoroastrianism_ (Hibbert Lectures), 1913, pp. 17 _sqq._ Footnote 28: See H. G. Jacobi, “The Antiquity of Vedic Culture,” _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_, 1909, pp. 720 _sqq._, where the texts relied upon are given and discussed. The correspondence which followed upon this paper (see _J.R.A.S._ 1909, 1910) is full of interest. Fossey, “Les Fouilles Allemandes à Boghaz-Keui,” _Journal des Savans_, July, 1909, p. 316, would make the date of the inscription about 1900 B.C. Footnote 29: After this was in print, there came to hand Mr Stephen Langdon’s translation of the Sumerian tablet from Nippur found by him at Philadelphia, which narrates in a new and modified form the earliest Babylonian legend of the Creation. From this it appears that the goddess Nin-harsag, either on her own account or as the agent of the god En-ki or Ea, “created two creatures with heads, feet, and face as a model for mankind.” See Mr Langdon’s Preliminary Note in the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology_, 1914, p. 196, n. 23. A full transliteration and translation is promised later in the _P.S.B.A._ If Mr Langdon’s reading of the tablet is accepted, this may well prove to be the origin of all the “First Man” legends mentioned on p. lxi, _supra_. CHAPTER I THE CONQUESTS OF ALEXANDER