[Footnote 185: Appendix D, No. 37.] [Footnote 186: Appendix D, No. 25.] [Footnote 187: Appendix D, No. 40.] [Footnote 188: Appendix D, No. 31.] [Footnote 189: Liberator, Aug. 15, 1845, "The Branded Hand."] [Footnote 190: Von Holst, IV. 10, 11.] [Footnote 191: J. F. Clarke, Antislavery Days, 92.] [Footnote 192: Appendix D, No. 43.] [Footnote 193: Appendix D, No. 48.] [Footnote 194: Liberator, April 17, 1851.] [Footnote 195: Daily Morning Chronicle, April 26, 1851.] [Footnote 196: Liberator, April 17, 1851.] [Footnote 197: Appendix D, No. 57.] [Footnote 198: Boston Journal, May 29, 1854.] [Footnote 199: Personal statement of Mr. Elbridge Sprague, made to the writer. Col. T. W. Higginson suggests a few minor corrections in Mr. Sprague's narrative. The first person to step in was an unknown negro: the beam used was found in Court Square; none were prepared beforehand; there was but one box of axes.] [Footnote 200: Boston Daily Advertiser, 1854, Worcester Spy, May 31, 1854, Argument of Mr. R. H. Dana.] [Footnote 201: Liberator, Aug. 22, 1854.] [Footnote 202: Von Holst, V. 64.] [Footnote 203: Appendix D, No. 57.] [Footnote 204: Commonwealth, June 26, 1854.] [Footnote 205: Appendix D, No. 58.] [Footnote 206: See post, § 81.] [Footnote 207: Appendix D, No. 47.] [Footnote 208: 31 Cong. 2 Sess., Senate Journal, 187; Congressional Globe, 580.] [Footnote 209: Von Holst, III. 25.] [Footnote 210: Appendix D, No. 51.] [Footnote 211: Appendix D, No. 62.] [Footnote 212: Appendix D, No. 49.] [Footnote 213: Appendix D, No. 50.] [Footnote 214: Sanborn, Life and Letters of John Brown, 420; Douglass, Life and Times of John Brown, 279, 282.] [Footnote 215: Von Holst, John Brown, 104.] CHAPTER IV. _FUGITIVES AND THEIR FRIENDS._ § 63. Methods of escape. § 64. Reasons for escape. § 65. Conditions of slave life. § 66. Escapes to the woods. § 67. Escapes to the North. § 68. Use of protection papers. § 69. Fugitives disguised as whites: Craft case. § 70. Underground Railroad. § 71. Rise and growth of the system. § 72. Methods pursued. § 73. Colored agents of the Underground Railroad. § 74. Prosecutions of agents. § 75. Formal organization. § 76. General effect of escapes. =§ 63. Methods of escape.=--The great increase in the number of fugitives after 1850 was in part due to the uneasiness felt by Northern people under a law which made them co-workers with the South in a system of slave hunting, and in part to the greater ease of communication now afforded between the two sections. The knowledge that there was in the North a body of "abolitionists" eager to aid them from bondage to freedom was also spreading more widely each day among the slaves.