The Neo-Krishna movement is about twenty years old. Before 1880 Vaishnavism does not seem to have been in great favour with the higher castes of Bengal. Traditionally they were Saivas or Sāktas rather than Vaishnavas; and English education, which bore very heavily for half a century on every form of Hinduism seems to have told with peculiar severity on Krishnaism. But shortly after 1880 a great change becomes visible: Krishna begins to be praised on every hand, and ancient Vaishnava books are read and studied with avidity. The new movement seems to have owed its origin, on the one hand, to the teaching and influence of Ramkrishna Paramhansa, Keshub Chundra Sen, Bijoy Krishna Goswami and Shishir Kumar Ghose; and on the other, to the efforts of two or three noteworthy literary men, who threw themselves into the task of painting the character of Krishna with extraordinary enthusiasm. The _Gītā_ at once leaped into greater prominence than ever: numberless editions and translations of it have been published. Many essays have appeared comparing Krishna with Christ and Vaishnavism with Christianity. Thus a large Krishna literature, both in English and Bengali, has sprung up. The following seem to be the more important books of this literature:— 1884 Essays in _Prachār_ on _Krishnacharitra_ by Bunkim Ch. Chatterji. 1886 1. _Krishnacharitra_, Bunkim Ch. Chatterji, 1st edition. A volume in Bengali prose on the character of Krishna. 1887 2. _Raivatak_, Nobin Ch. Sen. An epic poem in Bengali on Krishna’s youth. 3. _The Bhagavad Gītā, or the Lords Lay_, Mohini M. Chatterji. An English prose translation of the text and of parts of Sankara’s commentary. An attempt is made to put the _Gītā_ on the same level as the New Testament. 1888 4. _Krishna Jivani_, Prosanna Kumar Vidyaratna. A life of Krishna in Bengali prose. 1889 5. _Srikrishner Jivana O Dharma_, Gaur Gavinda Ray. The life and religion of Krishna from the standpoint of the New Dispensation: Bengali prose. 1890 6. _Srimadbhagavadgītā_, Krishnananda Swami (_i.e._ Krishna Prasanna Sen). The text in the Bengali character with a Bengali commentary and translation. 1892 _Krishnacharitra_, Bunkim Ch. Chatterji, 2nd edition. This edition contains a great deal of new matter. 7. _Amiya Nimai Charity_, Shishir Kumar Ghose. First part. A life of Chaitanya in Bengali prose. 1893 _Amiya Nimai Charit_. Second part. 8. _Kurukshetra_, Nobin Ch. Sen. An epic poem in Bengali on Krishna at Kurukshetra. 1894 9. _The Landmarks of Ethics according to the Gītā_. Bulloram Mullick. _Amiya Nimai Charit_. Third part. 1895 10. _Kālā Chānd Gītā_, Shishir Kumar Ghose. A sort of Krishnaite Song of Solomon in Bengali verse. It is said to have been composed in 1888. 1896 11. _Srikrishna, his Life and Teachings_, Dhirendra Nath Pal. 3 vols.