Similarly, charges one above the other are blazoned _in pale_. Here it should be noted that in pale and in fess do not mean occupying the _space_ of a pale or of a fess, but merely that they are disposed in the indicated direction. Thus the lions of England are _in pale_, but should, of course, be drawn right across their field, and in a similar manner charges in fess extend from chief to base when their character admits of the extension. In some instances a number of charges are placed on the field between others, as: three roses in bend between two roundles; but the result can rarely be made satisfactory as design, such a coat seeming to need the steadying effect of the lines of an ordinary. Charges that are ranged round the field, as in the enamelled shield of William de Valence at Westminster, p. 176, are _in orle_; if the number of martlets were specified, the blazon would be so many martlets in orle; but if the number were indefinite, the term would be an orle of martlets. [Illustration: FIG. 80.--Arms of the Grocers Company of London. Cartoon for mural decoration. Geo. W. Eve.] When a fess or a chevron is between three charges the latter naturally fall into the position of two in chief and one in base, and that is the most usual number and arrangement. Instances of greater numbers so disposed are rare among ancient examples, for in designing them the pointed shield seems to have been kept always in view with the notable exception of Berkeley, Gu. a chevron ermine between ten crosses pattée Ar; but these adapt themselves perfectly to the shield and chevron, being balanced by the large number above, as also do the cloves of the Grocers Company that are similarly arranged. Fig. 80 shows a rendering of the last-mentioned arms as designed to accompany work of the eighteenth century. CHAPTER IV Animals and Monsters Among the forms that are characteristically heraldic the Lion, the symbol of courage, power and magnanimity, is most prominent and typical. [Illustration: FIG. 81. Thirteenth Century.] [Illustration: FIG. 82. FIG. 83. Device Seals. Thirteenth Century.]