Historical Sketches of Colonial FloridaCampbell, Richard L.
History
Historical Sketches of Colonial Florida
Campbell, Richard L.
Florida -- History -- To 1821; Pensacola (Fla.) -- History
By the fourteenth, after a conflict of ten days, a practicable breach
having been made, Durnford capitulated upon the same terms which Dickson
had exacted at Baton Rouge. Hunger had conspired with arms to make
capitulation a necessity. For several days before that event the
garrison had been comparatively without food. When the gallant Durnford
marched out of the breach at the head of a handful of hunger-smitten
men, Galvez is said to have manifested deep mortification at having
granted such favorable terms to so feeble a foe. An effort was made by
General Campbell to relieve Fort Charlotte, but it fell just as succor
was at hand. The delay in rendering it was occasioned by rain storms,
which, having flooded the country, greatly impeded the movements of the
relieving force.[29]
The gallant defense of Fort Charlotte by Durnford seems to have lead
Galvez to reflections which ended in the conclusion that he was not,
then, strong enough to attack Pensacola. He, accordingly, made no
further movement, until he had procured from Havana a supply of heavy
artillery, and a large additional force.
That it was a part of his plan to advance upon Pensacola immediately
after the capture of Mobile, is evidenced by the Spanish Admiral
Solana’s fleet appearing, and anchoring off the harbor, on March 27,
hovering about as if in expectation of a signal from the land until the
thirtieth, and then sailing away. The appearance of a scouting party of
Spaniards about the same time, on the east side of the Perdido, likewise
pointed to such a design.
Be that as it may, Galvez made no further movement in West Florida until
February, 1781, the eventful year of the great American rally; the year
that witnessed Morgan’s brilliant victory, on the seventeenth of January
at the Cowpens; and Green’s masterly strategy, culminating on the
fifteenth of March at Guildford Court House in an apparent defeat, but
in sequence, a victory, for it sent Cornwallis to Yorktown for capture
on the nineteenth of October.
As we contemplate that year, big with the fate of empire on this
continent, the imagination is captivated by the spectacle of a line of
battle extending from the northern limits of Maine to the mouth of the
Mississippi; the intense points of action being Cowpens, Guildford Court
House, Pensacola and Yorktown.
That no reinforcement was sent to General Campbell, although the fall of
Fort Charlotte was a warning that Galvez’s next effort would be against
Pensacola, manifests the strain which Britain’s contest with her
colonies and France had brought upon both her naval and military
resources. When, therefore, in February, 1781, Galvez was about to
advance against the place with a large fleet and an army of 15,000 men,
according to the lowest estimate, the British force numbered about
1,000[30] regular troops, besides some provincials.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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