History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)
History
History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.
Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)
Water-supply -- History; Water-supply -- Ohio -- Hamilton County
Dublin is supplied through 30,336 yards of 33-inch and 8,272 yards
of two lines of 27-inch cast-iron pipes--20,000 yards laid through
private property. The average fall is 20 feet per mile. There are
three relief-tanks on line of 33-inch pipe. The capacity of this pipe
was calculated at sixteen millions per day, while the actual delivery
exceeded twenty millions.
Toronto is supplied by a 4-foot wooden pipe, 7,000 feet in length,
under pressure.
Manchester, N. H., has a wooden penstock, six feet in diameter, 600
feet in length, that conveys supply to water wheels, under a head of
twelve feet at entrance and thirty-eight feet at outlet.
The new conduit for water supply of Baltimore is a continuous
tunnel, seven miles long, running from the dam to the receiving
reservoir--“Lake Montebello.” In its construction no open cuts were
made; all work being done by drifting. Its depth below the surface
of ground varies from 65 to 360 feet. The internal diameter is 12
feet; the fall is one foot per mile; capacity 170 millions daily.
Fifteen shafts were sunk during the constructive work. Two miles of
the tunnel were through material that required to be arched with
brick; the remaining distance was through very hard rock that did not
require arching. The cost of this structure was about two millions of
dollars.
Chicago has two tunnels under Lake Michigan, parallel with each
other, 46 feet apart, extending to a crib, located in the lake, two
miles from the shore. The first one was started, in 1864, under
adverse criticism, and successfully completed in 1867. The cost, with
the crib, was $457,800. It is five feet horizontal diameter, and 5′
2″ vertical diameter, and made of brick. The second one was built in
1872-’74; is five feet in diameter, lined with brick. It extends from
the North Side Works, a further distance of 20,000 feet, under the
city and Chicago River to West Side Works. The cost of this tunnel,
under the river, was $414,000, and under the city $543,000. The
nature of the excavation was generally through stiff blue clay with
occasionally pockets of quicksand.
The Sudbury conduit, of Boston Water-Works, is sixteen miles long,
with a grade of 1.056 feet per mile. The top is a semicircle of nine
feet diameter, and the bottom is an arc of 13.22 feet radius, struck
from a center 5.53 feet above the crown of the arch. The sectional
area is 56.75 square feet. The foundation is of concrete; the side
walls and spandrel backing of rubble stone masonry; the lining of
brick, four inches thick, and the arch of brick, twelve inches thick.
The Charles River is crossed by a granite bridge, 475 feet long and
75 feet high, with two segmental and five semicircle arches.
On the line of the Vanne conduit there is an aqueduct made entirely
of “beton,” which spans the valleys and quicksands in the great
forest of Fontainebleau, between La Vanne River and Paris.
CONDUIT DATA.--(_From Fanning._)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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