The third order is again smaller; the corners rounded downward; the tufts larger; no oval on the udder. Cows of the third order give ten quarts, and milk six months. [Illustration] The fourth order same shape as the last, but still smaller and more rounding. The vulva tufts are of bristly hair, and the left one is seven inches long. Cows of the fourth order give eight quarts, and milk five months. [Illustration] The Bastards of the ninth class have a good escutcheon, but are distinguished by the large tufts of coarse, bristly hair alongside the vulva. The Tenth Class.—Horizontal. [Illustration] The first order have a dandruff of yellowish color; the hair is short, fine, and silky; the escutcheon is lower down from the vulva than the other classes, and is cut off by a horizontal line. There are two ovals on the udder; and two tufts, about three and one half inches long, on the sides of the vulva. Cows of the first order give thirteen quarts, and milk eight months. [Illustration] The second order has a smaller escutcheon; the vulva tufts are larger, the right shorter than the left; there is but one udder oval; in several of the orders of this class there is a small streak of ascending hair directly below the vulva. Cows of the second order give ten quarts, and milk seven months. [Illustration] The third order have still smaller escutcheons; larger vulva tufts, the one on the left of bristling hair, four to five inches in length. The descending hair encroaches on the escutcheon on the right in a triangular shape. Cows of the third order give eight quarts, and milk six months. [Illustration] The fourth order have still smaller escutcheons; larger and coarser vulva tufts; and an invasion on the escutcheon on the right in triangular shape, and on the left of semi-circular shape. Cows of the fourth order give seven quarts, and milk five months. [Illustration] The bastards of the tenth class have the escutcheons large and good shaped; but are distinguished by the tufts alongside the vulva, these tell how long she will milk, by their size and the grade of the hair on them. Effects of Crossing two Escutcheons. CROSS BETWEEN THE SELVAGE AND LEFT FLANDERS.—The cows bearing this character are easily recognizable in certain breeds, and notably on those of the north-east of France. [Illustration] CROSS BETWEEN THE BICORN AND SELVAGE.—The _Epi_, or tuft, which I termed _jonctif_, or mesian tuft, and which is seen adhering under the vulva, is a favorable sign, and can be met with in those classes where the escutcheon does not reach as high as the vulva. [Illustration] Cows which bear one or the other of these two escutcheons, are generally good milkers, and preserve their milk as well as cows of the first order of each class. These are the new escutcheons alluded to in Guenon’s introduction, showing the effect of crossing. ESCUTCHEONS ON BULLS.