Sack of Panama by Morgan and his buccaneers 354 How Morgan absconded with most of the booty 355 How English and Spanish governors industriously scotched the snake 355 How the chief of pirates became Sir Henry Morgan, deputy-governor of Jamaica, and hanged his old comrades or sold them to the Spaniards 356 How the treaty of America caused his downfall 357 Decline of buccaneering 357 Pirates of the South Sea 358, 359xv Plunder of Peruvian towns 360 Effects of the alliance between France and Spain in 1701 360 Pirates in the Bahama Islands and on the Carolina coast 361 Effect of the navigation laws in stimulating piracy 362, 363 Effect of rice culture upon the relations between South Carolina settlers and the pirates 363 Wholesale hanging of pirates at Charleston 364 How pirates swarmed on the North Carolina coast 365 Until Captain Woodes Rogers captured the Island of New Providence in 1718 365 The North Carolina waters furnished the last lair for the pirates 365 How Blackbeard, the last of the pirates, levied blackmail upon Charleston 366, 367 Epidemic character of piracy; cases of Kidd and Bonnet 368 Fate of Bonnet and Blackbeard, and final suppression of piracy 369 CHAPTER XVII. FROM TIDEWATER TO THE MOUNTAINS. Family and early career of Alexander Spotswood 370 He brings the privilege of habeas corpus to Virginia, but wrangles much with his burgesses 371 His energy and public spirit 372 How the Post-Office Act was resisted by the people 373, 375 Disputes as to power of appointing parsons 376 Beginnings of continental politics in America 376 Beginning of the seventy years' struggle with France 377 How the continental situation in America was affected by the war of the Spanish succession 378, 379 Different views of Spotswood and the assembly with regard to sending aid to Carolina 379, 380 How the royal governors became convinced that the thing most needed in English America was a continental government that could impose taxes 381 Franklin's plan for a federal union 381, 383 It was the failure of the colonies to adopt Franklin's plan that led soon afterwards to the Stamp Act 382, 383 How Spotswood regarded the unknown West 383 Attempts to cross the Blue Ridge 384 How the Blue Ridge was crossed by Spotswood 385xvi Knights of the Golden Horseshoe 386 Spotswood's plan for communicating between Virginia and Lake Erie 387, 388 Condition of the postal service in the English colonies under Spotswood's administration 389 Brief mention of Governors Gooch and Dinwiddie 390 Importance of the Scotch-Irish migration to America 390, 391 In 1611 James I. began colonizing Ulster with settlers from Scotland and England 391 In Ulster they established flourishing manufactures of woollens and linens 392 Which excited the jealousy of rival manufacturers in England 393 Legislation against the Ulster manufacturers 393 Civil disabilities inflicted upon Presbyterians in Ulster 393