Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
It has been said that the dominating feature of French colonial life
was trade. But religious and commercial advancement went hand in hand.
From the earliest arrival of the French, the missionary labors of the
Church extended not only to the Indian tribes, but also to the negro
and Indian slaves held by the colonists. The conversion of the Indian
was an asset for the growth of trade. French commissions, as well as
Spanish, provided for the conversion of the Indians.[283] Priest and
friar were everywhere present. Each Christianized Indian slave marked
a gain in the advancement of the faith, and made possible a readier
access to trade with the convert’s tribe and those of his friends.[284]
But the religious training and teaching of slaves were not entirely a
matter of policy. It was rather a part of the generally kind treatment
of the master. The rites of the Church were commonly accorded them.
The Louisiana church records certain accounts of the birth, baptism,
marriage and burial of Indian slaves.[285] The Mobile and New Orleans
registers are similar to the church registers to be found throughout
Lower Canada wherever a church was established. The parish registers of
Levis, Quebec and Long Point are cases in point. Throughout the first
and part of the second half of the eighteenth century, these registers
show that Indian slaves, many of whom, in Quebec for instance, were
brought from Louisiana, were baptized, and then records kept of such
baptisms as in the case of the whites.[286] The church records of
Kaskaskia[287] and Vincennes[288] make frequent mention of the birth,
baptism and death of Indian slaves (called Panis) down to the time
of British occupation; but from that time they became more and more
infrequent as Indian slavery gradually gave way to negro slavery.
The baptismal register of Mobile, Alabama, dating from 1704 to 1740,
contains baptismal records of whites, blacks and Indians. From the
register it appears that witnesses to the baptism of a slave were not
considered necessary, though sometimes used. In some instances the
person baptized is recorded as the slave of a certain person. In other
cases he is mentioned as a slave, and the owner’s name is not given.
The earliest baptism of an Indian slave in this record is that of a
fifteen-year-old slave of Iberville. Baptisms of Indian slaves are
quite as frequent as those of negro slaves. February 8, 1734, is the
latest date of Indian slave baptisms in the register. Some of these
Indian slaves are recorded as legitimate children of slave parents.[289]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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