"It is possible for the fly to carry the typhoid bacillus in two ways. In the first place, fecal matter containing the typhoid germ may adhere to the fly and be mechanically transported. In the second place, it is possible that the typhoid bacillus may be carried in the digestive organs of the fly and may be deposited with its excrement." In Dr. Daniel D. Jackson's report to the Merchants' Association of New York on the "Pollution of New York Harbor as a Menace to the Health by the Dissemination of Intestinal Diseases Through the Agency of the Common House-fly," he shows graphically that the prevalence of typhoid and other intestinal diseases is coincident with the prevalence of flies, and that the greatest number of deaths from such diseases occurs near the river front where the open or poorly constructed sewers scatter the filth where the flies can feed on it, or along the wharves with their inadequate accommodations and the resulting accumulation of filth. FLIES AND OTHER DISEASES Not only is the house-fly an important factor in the dissemination of typhoid fever, but it has been definitely shown that it is capable of transmitting several other serious diseases. The evidence that flies carry and spread the deadly germs of cholera is most conclusive. The germs may be carried on the body where they will live but a short time, or they may be carried in the alimentary canal where they will live for a much longer period and are finally deposited in the fly-specks where they retain their virulence for some time. Flies that had been allowed to contaminate themselves with cholera germs were allowed access to milk and meat. In both cases hundreds of colonies of the germs could later be recovered from the food. As with the typhoid germs milk seems to be a particularly good medium for the development of the cholera germs. In several of the experiments that have been made along this line the milk has been readily infected by the flies visiting it. Of course an outbreak of cholera is of rare occurrence in our country, but unfortunately this is not so in regard to some other intestinal diseases such as diarrhea and enteritis which annually cause the death of many children, especially bottle-fed babies. Those who have made close studies of the way in which these diseases are disseminated are convinced that the flies are one of the most important factors in their spread.