In order to ascertain whether certain zones of the circular
contractile sheet in all individuals habitually convey more of
the contractile influence than do other zones, I tried a number
of experiments in the following form of section. Having made a
circular strip, I removed all the lithocysts save one, and then cut
the strip as represented in Fig. 14. On now stimulating the end
_a_, or on watching the lithocyst there discharge, the resulting
contraction-wave would be observed to bifurcate at _b_, and then pass
on as two separate waves through the zones, _b_ _c_, _b_ _d_. Now,
as these two waves were started at the same instant of time, they
ran, as it were, a race in the two zones, and in this way the eye
could judge with perfect ease which wave occupied the shortest time
in reaching its destination. This experiment could be varied by again
bisecting each of these two zones, thus making four zones in all, and
four waves to run in each race. A number of experiments of this kind
showed me that there is no constancy in the relative conductivity
of the same zones in different individuals. In some instances, the
waves occupy less time in passing through the zone _b_ _c_ than in
passing through the zone _b_ _d_; in other instances, the time in the
two zones is equal; and, lastly, the converse of the first-mentioned
case is of equally frequent occurrence. Very often the waves become
blocked in _b_ _c_, while they continue to pass in _b_ _d_, and
_vice versâ_. Now, all these various cases are what we might expect
to occur, in view of the variable points at which contraction-waves
become blocked in spiral strips, etc.; for if the contractile tissues
are not functionally homogeneous, and if the relatively pervious
conductile tracts are not constant as to their position in different
individuals, the results I have just described are the only ones
that could be yielded by the experiments in question. Considering,
however, that in these experiments the central zones are not so long
as the peripheral zones, I think it may fairly be said that the
conductile power of the latter is greater than that of the former;
for, otherwise, the above experiments ought to yield a large majority
of races won by the waves that course through the central zones,
and this is not the case. Indeed, it is surprising how often the
race is, as it were, neck and neck, thus showing that the relative
conductivity of all the zones is precisely adjusted to their relative
lengths; and forasmuch as in the unmutilated animal this adjustment
must clearly serve the purpose of securing to the contraction-wave
a passage of uniform rate over the whole radius of the umbrella,
I doubt not that, if it were possible to perform the race-course
section without interrupting any of the lines of conduction-tissue,
neck and neck races would be of invariable occurrence.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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