Here and there, in the heart of the forest, were level heathy spots, as even as if they had been made so by a line, consisting of barren sand (_Arena Glarea_), on which grew a few straggling firs, and some scattered plants of ling. Some places afforded the perforated coralline Lichen (_L. uncialis_), which the inhabitants, in rainy weather when it is tough, rake together into large heaps, and carry home for the winter provender of their cattle. These sandy spots were in extent three quarters of a mile or a mile, encompassed as it were with a rampart, or very steep bank, fifteen or twenty ells in height, so nearly perpendicular that it was not to be ascended or descended without extreme difficulty. They might be compared to the mountain which Alexander the Great ascended with so much labour. It often happened that above one of these sandy heaths lay another equally barren. They resembled the ridges of a field, except the perfect flatness and great breadth of the surface of each, and their being destitute of stones. The interstices of the country between these embanked heaths were occupied by water, rocks and marshes, producing abundance of firs intermixed with some birches, all covered with black and white filamentous Lichens. Juniper bushes but rarely occurred, and were all of a very diminutive size, and close-pressed to the ground. At Skullbacken is a small current of water, which rises out of the ground at that very spot. I tried to feel the bottom with my stick, but could not reach it. At Abackan, and on the road beyond it for a considerable way, some loose ice still remained, which surprised me much at this season of the year; yet I recollected that but a week before I had met with snow in the neighbourhood of mount Skula. Here and there on the road lay a crustaceous _Byssus_, consisting as it were of a white rough brittle membrane, with white grains scattered over it[18]. [18] From the above description, this is very likely to have been the _Lichen byssoides_, _Engl. Bot. v. 6. t. 373_, in its early state, when it has exactly the appearance Linnæus mentions. On the sandy heaths among the perforated Lichen (_uncialis_) grew another kind much resembling it, but as thick as the finger, snow-white, and with more copious and dense entangled branches, which, not having been hitherto described, I denominated _Coralloides ramosissimum perforatum_, _ramis implexis_, _niveum_[19]. There was also an elegant cup-moss, (_L. cocciferus_,) repeatedly proliferous from the centre of its cups, two or more cups originating together from one centre, all over of a grey hue, except the scarlet tubercles which bordered the uppermost cups. Every where in the road grew the beforementioned leafy sulphur-coloured Lichen (_nivalis_?) in the greatest profusion. [19] By the description and sketch in the manuscript, this seems a variety of _L. rangiferinus_.