Having now observed on the physical effects of the Turkish bath, we shall quote Mr. Urquhart’s opinions regarding its moral aspect:— “Next are temperance and sobriety. At first sight the connection will not appear so immediate. It will, however, be unquestionable to those familiar with countries where the bath is in use. I know of no country, in ancient or modern times, where habits of drunkenness have co-existed with the bath. Misery and cold drive men to the gin-shop. If they had the bath, not the washing-tub, but the sociable hâmam, to repair to, this, the great cause of drunkenness, would be removed; and if this habit of cleanliness were general, restraints would be imposed on such habits by the feelings of self-respect engendered. The poor of England have never had an opportunity of knowing the comfort which is derived on a cold day from the warmth imparted by such an atmosphere. How many of the wretched inhabitants of London go to their chilly homes in the winter months, benumbed with cold, and with no means of recovering their animal warmth but by resorting to spirits and a public-house fire! The same six-pence which will only procure them a quartern of the stimulant, which imparts but a momentary heat, would, if so expended, obtain for them at once warmth and refreshment. “Do not run away with the idea that it is Islamism that prevents the use of spirituous liquors—it is the bath. It satisfies the cravings which lead to those indulgences, it fills the period of necessary relaxation, and it produces, with cleanliness, habits of self-respect which are incompatible with intoxication. It keeps the families united, which prevents the squandering of money for such excesses. In Greece and Rome, in their worst times, there was neither ‘blue ruin’ nor ‘double stout.’” This opinion of Mr. Urquhart’s is further supported by the following extract from Lord Stanley’s address to the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, as quoted by Dr. Haughton [32]:— “All men know and deplore the destruction of life and property by intemperate habits in England; but not all men know (though it has been repeatedly proved) that one of the strongest predisposing causes to intemperance is that sense of depression, and general weakness, demanding and seeming to justify the use of stimulants, which, itself a disease, attacks those who live in undrained and unventilated localities.” The Turkish bath supplies this stimulant, the desire for which prompts intoxication, and so becomes, as Mr. Urquhart argues, a powerful engine in the promotion of temperance; by improving the general health, it also removes the desire for the stimulus.