Great Britain -- History, Naval -- Poetry; Sea songs -- Great Britain
Another minor action of much interest, which took place a year
earlier, is the subject of the ballad entitled _Gilchrist and Hotham’s
Bravery_ (p. 216). On March 20, 1759, the Southampton, 32, Captain
James Gilchrist, and the Melampe, 24, Captain William Hotham, engaged
two French frigates and captured one of them, the Danae, a 40-gun
ship (Clowes, iii. 301; Entick, iv. 266). The capture of three French
privateers in the West Indies by Captain O’Brien and Captain Taylor in
August 1760 furnished another theme for indifferent verse (p. 222, cf.
Entick, v. 55).
After 1759 there were no fleet actions in European waters. Hawke,
Boscawen, and Rodney blockaded the western ports of France through
1760. In June 1761 the island of Belleisle surrendered to a naval and
military force commanded by General Hodgson and Commodore Keppel. This
conquest is the subject of _A New Song on the Taking of Belleisle_,
but the song touches only the service of the soldiers. Pitt meant to
tender the island as an equivalent for Minorca in the negotiations for
peace which began about this time. For the rest of the war the interest
centres in the West Indies. Guadeloupe had fallen in May 1759; Dominica
fell in June 1761; Martinique was taken in February 1762, and Grenada,
St. Lucia, and St. Vincent with Martinique.
‘As soon as this news to the French King was brought
He immediately put on his mourning coat,
Saying “Where shall I go or where shall I run?
They’ve ruined my nation, alas, I’m undone.”’
The _New Song on the Taking of Martinico_ thus pictures its effect:
‘And now for Jack Spaniards we’ll show them a dance,
And humble their pride as well as proud France.’
War had been declared against Spain on January 4, 1762, and the
squadron which had helped to reduce Martinique now joined an expedition
sent from England under Sir George Pocock and the Earl of Albemarle,
and laid siege to Havana. The city fell on August 13, 1762, and a
ballad on its capture is printed on p. 223. It is remarkable for the
badness of its metre and the correctness of its historical details
(see Entick, v. 363-385; Clowes iii. 245). With this capture the war
ended. The preliminaries of peace were signed on November 3, 1762, the
definitive treaty on February 10, 1763.
Peace was welcome news to the sailors. A ballad called _The Sailors’
Dialogue_, evidently written about this date, expresses their views.
‘When all the ship is paid, we’ll lead a merry life,’ says Jack, and
rejoices with Tom over the prospect of a full pocket and plenty of
drink (p. 227). It gave them additional satisfaction to think that
their officers would not be equally pleased. What Jack thought good
news was bad news to admiral, captain, and lieutenant, as the ballad
called _Distressed Men of War_ sets forth at length (p. 228). A fact
which made it worse was that a very limited number of subordinate
officers received half-pay, and that the rates were extremely low
(Clowes, ii. 233; iii. 19, 340).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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