PRESIDENT HUTT: Yes; in the early part of the season there is a very vigorous flow of sap and we find we lose more buds then than in the later grafting. In early grafting we put in drainage, just like the physicians, little tubes or something to drain out the moisture. We put in a little chip and tie over it very carefully so if there is any drainage it may escape. In the fall and late summer drainage is not necessary at all, and we really get better unions then when the trees are slowing down than we do in the spring when they are full of sap. MR. STORRS: In selecting your buds, do you take them from trees that have borne, or from young trees, or indiscriminately? PRESIDENT HUTT: We take them either from bearing or young trees. It is not important which, just so you get the right kind. The important thing is to select good fresh active stuff, and particularly good sized scions and not small ones. In budding we fit one side perfectly, and on the other side we leave a space of one sixteenth of an inch like a door. We didn't do that at first and we lost a good many buds because the active growth began on both sides. We had to leave a place there at the side, an expansion joint, to take care of that. MR. STORRS: Then you fit them at the top and bottom and at one side? THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, that's it. THE SECRETARY: This is one of the most important papers ever read before this Association, and that is because the success of nut growing anywhere is absolutely conditioned on our knowledge of propagation. If the propagation of nut trees were as easy as the propagation of apple and peach trees, we would probably now have in the north as many orchards of good nut trees as of apple and peach trees. Any one who has tried this budding of nut trees will, I am sure, appreciate the difficulties that Professor Hutt has described and the pains he has taken in telling us about them. This is the beginning of the demonstrations in propagating. They will be continued tomorrow; we will have then three or four of the most expert grafters and budders in the country, perhaps, who will give further demonstrations. I would like to ask Professor Hutt a question. I noticed that in putting in some Persian walnut buds this summer, all died except a couple where the tops accidentally broke off. THE CHAIRMAN: That is explained by the illustration I gave of the wind blowing off all the shoots. Every one that was blown off lived even though some were badly torn. It was simply forcing the cambium at that point where it was needed. Mr. Roper had an experience of that kind. [Illustration: W. N. ROPER Vice-President Northern Nut Growers Association] MR. ROPER: We put buds on stock that was not very active, so the trees were cut back to six inches above the bud, forcing all the growth into the bud, and I suppose 95 per cent of those buds lived; on the trees not cut back the buds did not live.