From this example let us take warning, that facts be not to us nothing
more than round stones. Let us be careful never to let our minds rest
content with the mere accumulation of facts, but ever strive to build
them up into something more useful and ennobling. Let us use them as
bricks—mere logs of burnt clay in themselves, but fit to build glorious
monuments of the sublime power of human invention. Let us remember that
Ideas are the only things of real permanent value in this world; and
that, though we may store our brain with Facts till our heads burst,
unless those facts are to us only generators of Ideas, we have not, and
cannot acquire a Cogitative mind; we may have Knowledge, but we have not
Wisdom. A wise man hath wisely said, that “the wise man is”—not he who
knoweth _things_, but—“he who knoweth the _interpretation_ of a thing”
[_Eccles._ viii. 21]; and for this purpose only it is that, “Wise men
lay up knowledge” [_Prov._ x. 14], for “Wisdom finds out knowledge of
witty inventions” [_Prov._ viii. 12].
In order to effectually discipline the mind to attentive study, and to
save it from the strong temptation which is offered to desultory
reading, it is advisable for the adult and partially educated student to
form an hypothesis and read up to it. To reverse, in fact, the Baconian
principles of philosophy, and to study from hypothesis to facts, and not
from facts to hypothesis. This is, it is true, opposed to modern
philosophical principles, but properly modified and carefully guarded
against self-conceit and dogmatism, it is almost the only proper and
effective mode of study. It is the ancient or Aristotelian mode; and
though, when refuted by Bacon, as a mode of “discovering the sciences,”
it had become shamefully abused and degenerate, it has produced more
great original thinkers than the modern. Observe, that we recommend it
only as a mode of _study_, _i. e._, of disciplining and exercising the
mind, for beyond the purpose of _training_ it should not be pursued. It
is too dangerous to be prosecuted far, for the mind which has long
formed and nursed up a favourite hypothesis is unwilling to abandon it,
and is too apt to force all facts into accordance with it, instead of
modifying or abandoning it as new facts arise.[26]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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