_Symptoms._—A child with congenital syphilis will show the eruption of coppery spots, blisters on palms and soles, deep cracks on the feet, snuffles, cracks and ulcers around the mouth and rectum, and the weakly, marasmic condition of the body. The diagnosis in suspected cases can be rendered more certain by the Wassermann reaction. This is a laboratory test of the blood which should always be made before a wet nurse is allowed to nurse a child, or before a suspected child is nursed by a clean woman. In all cases of transfusion of blood, it is imperative. _Treatment._—Antisyphilitic treatment of an infected mother or child by salvarsan, mercury, and potassium iodide must be carried out vigorously in all cases. The syphilitic patient must be prevented from spreading the infection by having dishes and utensils of her own, which are kept sterile. Discharges are collected and burned, and the nurse in charge of these cases must carefully cover her hands with rubber gloves, and see that all cracks and fissures are properly protected from contact with sources of infection. =Gonorrhœa= is an acute or chronic disease of the mucous membranes due to a germ called the gonococcus. Beginning with a sharp inflammatory disturbance of the urethra or vagina, it may pass slowly up through the genital passage and produce chronic and permanent disabilities, such as sterility, pus tubes, and pelvic peritonitis. _The symptoms_ are painful urination, painful inflammation of the vagina, with a purulent discharge. During pregnancy all these symptoms are intensified, and warty growths (condylomata) may appear on the vulva. If infection occurs after pregnancy has begun, the course of the gestation is rarely affected, as the uterus is closed to germ invasion. During delivery, however, there is a serious danger of infection of mouth or eyes of the child if they come in contact with the discharge. _Prophylaxis._—The eyes at birth must be immediately instilled with a drop or two of 1 per cent solution of silver nitrate in water. This is _not neutralized_ by normal saline. Great care must be used that the discharge does not come in contact with the eyes of the mother or attendants, lest infection follow. _Treatment._—Scrupulous cleanliness must be observed. Douches of potassium permanganate, 1:5000, or painting the vagina with iodine or solution of silver nitrate, or suppositories of argyrol or protargol furnish the best means of treatment before labor. Neither syphilis nor gonorrhea is _necessarily_ caused by venereal infection. They may be spread by barbers, dentists, physicians, and nurses,—by anyone who is unclean; and may be acquired innocently everywhere. These diseases should not be discussed by the nurse or physician except with the patient. Certainly nothing from the sick room should be repeated elsewhere.