In the top of the sandstones are pebbles of quartz, feldspar, and mica schist. The sandstone shows no bedded structure, but seems to form a mantle over the hill, following the irregularities of the underlying granite. It descends 700 feet on the southern slope of the mountains which rise so abruptly from De Luz Valley. The lava has spread out in thin sheets on the southern slope of the mountain, descending more than a thousand feet on the east side of Cottonwood Creek. These thin beds are not massive, but are formed of angular lava bowlders. The flows were so thin that they either broke up on cooling, or later through atmospheric agencies. Fig. 15 is a sketch of Mesa Redonda from the north. [Illustration: Fig. 15.] [Illustration: Fig. 16.] Cienega Peak lies east of Mesa Redonda and is separated from it by two gulches opening in opposite directions. It has an elevation of 2,400 feet, and the mesas east rise still less. Sandstone underlies this as it does the other lava flows. Near the eastern end of the southern slope, a lava flow has broken out from a basin-like depression which opens southward, and flowed down the mountain for a mile, descending a vertical distance of 1,800 feet. It appears to have broken up entirely into angular bowlders. The stream was probably very liquid, like the others, and formed a thin flow. It takes a slightly winding course and slopes often 30°. One short branch appears on the western side about half way down, and another on the east near the bottom. The lava descends in successive terraces, like steps, from the crater depression. The width varies from 500 to 700 feet, terminating in a straight line about a hundred feet above the bed of the cañon at the head of De Luz Valley. This distance may represent the amount of erosion since the stream flowed. There are also cañons worn to some depth on each side. The surface of the flow is rounding, and appearances indicate that it descended over a surface not much different from the one now shown. A large part of the bowlders in the creek for several miles are lava. Fig. 16 shows this lava stream as it lies on the mountain side, and also Cienega Peak, from which it flowed. These lava beds appear very prominent from De Luz Valley. The long, winding flow is known locally as the Oak Ridge, on account of its being covered with oaks, while the adjacent mountains are barren and brushy. It is hard to reconcile the appearance of these isolated peaks, with often precipitous sides, and deep valleys between them, showing a great amount of erosion, with the thin sheets spread out on the southern side of the mountain in so many places, which from their position indicate so little erosion since they flowed. It is possible that the mesas, with the high precipitous cliffs, represent remnants of an older flow, and yet the lithological character of the lava seems to point to a single origin. With the exception of the long southerly flow and another short one west of it, the lava