Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man: an experimental studyChittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Science
Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man: an experimental study
Chittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Metabolism; Nutrition
Examination of these figures makes quite clear that the body was still in
nitrogen equilibrium, or essentially so, the minus balance being so small
as to have little significance. The body-weight was still stationary, and
yet during this balance period the average daily intake of nitrogen was
only 5.86 grams, corresponding to 36.62 grams of proteid or albuminous
food. Further, the average daily fuel value of the food was only 1549
calories, a trifle less than in the preceding period. The average daily
output of nitrogen through the urine for this period was 4.92 grams,
corresponding to the metabolism of 30.7 grams of proteid food. Hence, the
results of this period confirm those of the preceding period and make it
quite clear that this subject, with a body-weight of 57.5 kilos, can be
maintained in body equilibrium, and in nitrogen equilibrium, on a daily
diet containing only 5.8 grams of nitrogen and with a fuel value of about
1600 calories. Under these conditions, as in the last balance period,
the daily amount of nitrogen metabolized was very small, averaging only
4.92 grams. Comparison of this figure with the accepted standard of 16
grams of nitrogen makes quite clear the extent of the physiological
economy which is attainable by the body, and emphasizes also the extent
of the unnecessary and worse than useless labor put upon the body by the
prevalent dietetic habits of the majority of mankind.
It is of course understood that the low fuel value which sufficed to
keep the writer in body equilibrium would not meet the requirements
of a more active life, with greater physical labor. The writer has
led a very busy life during the year of this experiment, but it has
been mental activity rather than physical, although doubtless he has
exercised as much as the ordinary professional worker not accustomed to
athletic sports. The results of the experiment, however, make it quite
clear that a man of the above body-weight, even though he lead a very
active life—not involving great physical labor—can maintain his body in
equilibrium indefinitely with an intake of 36 to 40 grams of proteid or
albuminous food, and with a total fuel value of about 1600 calories.
Further, it is to be understood that there is no special form of diet
involved in the accomplishment of such a result. Scrutiny of the daily
diet, tabulated in the two balance periods, will show the character of
the food made use of. Personal likes and dislikes must naturally enter
into the choice of any diet, and freedom of choice, freedom to follow
the dictates of one’s appetite, with such regulation as comes from the
use of reason and intelligence, are all that is necessary to secure the
desired end. Physiological economy in nutrition is easily attainable and
does not involve the adoption of vegetarianism. It does mean, however,
temperance and simplicity in diet, coupled with intelligent regulation,
which, however, soon becomes a habit and eventually leads to a moderation
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