"The first carrying place on the great western route was from the Hudson at Albany through the pine woods to the Mohawk at Schenectady. This carrying place avoided the _Ga-ha-oose_ Falls. At the terminus of the old Indian carrying place on the Hudson, now called Albany, the Dutch, under Hendrick Christiensen, in 1614, built Fort Nassau on Castle Island.... In 1617 they built another fort at the mouth of the Normanskill, at the old Indian _Ta-wa-sent-ha_--'the place of the many dead.' In 1623 Fort Orange was built by Adriaen Joris, and eighteen families built their bark huts and spent there the coming winter.... "In the year 1662 Arendt van Curler, and other inhabitants of Fort Orange, 'went west' across the old carry through the pines to the rich Mohawk flats and founded a settlement. To this settlement they applied the old Indian name of Albany, calling it Schenectady. From Albany it was the new settlement on the Mohawk beyond the pines.... "From Schenectady the western trail ran up the Mohawk to what is now the city of Rome, where there was another carry of a mile in length, to the Wood Creek which flows into Oneida Lake. This carrying place, afterward the site of Fort Stanwix, was called by the Indian _Da-ya-hoo-wa-quat_ (Carrying-place). From it the old trail ran through the Oneida Lake, and down the Oswego River to Lake Ontario. At the mouth of the Oswego River, on Lake Ontario, was the old Indian village called _Swa-geh_, the lake-port of the Iroquois.... Between Schenectady and _Swa-geh_ was a line of forts built for the protection of the traveling fur-traders, and as barriers to French and Indian invasion from the valley of the St. Lawrence. The first of these was at the mouth of the Schohariekill, and was called Fort Hunter. It was built on the site of old Indian _Te-hon-de-lo-ga_, the lower castle of the Mohawks. Above Fort Hunter, near the Indian _Ga-no-jo-hi-e_--'washing the basin'--the middle Mohawk castle, was Fort Plain. The Indian name of Fonda was _Ga-na-wa-da_--meaning 'over the rapids.' Of Little Falls, it was _Ta-la-que-ga_--'small bushes,' and of Herkimer the Indian name was _Te-uge-ga_, the same as the river. At Herkimer was Hendrick's castle and Fort Herkimer, near _Ga-ne-ga-ha-ga_, the upper Mohawk castle.... The Indian name for Utica was _Nun-da-da-sis_--meaning 'around the hill.' At Utica, the Indian trail from the west crossed the river.... A little above Utica was a small Indian station called _Ole-hisk_--'the place of nettles.' This is now Oriskony, one of the famous battle-grounds of the Revolution.... At the mouth of Wood Creek, on the Oneida Lake, a Royal Blockhouse was built, and at the west end of Oneida Lake, in 1758, Fort Brewerton was built. The Indian name for Wood Creek was _Ka-ne-go-dick_; for Oneida Lake was _Ga-no-a-lo-hole_--'head on a pole.' For Syracuse the Indian name was _Na-ta-dunk_, meaning 'pine-tree broken with top hanging down,' and the Indian name of Fort Brewerton was _Ga-do-quat_."