Primitive Time-reckoning: A study in the origins and first development of the art of counting time among the primitive and early culture peoples — John Shaqi
Primitive Time-reckoning: A study in the origins and first development of the art of counting time among the primitive and early culture peoplesNilsson, Martin P. (Martin Persson)
History
Primitive Time-reckoning: A study in the origins and first development of the art of counting time among the primitive and early culture peoples
Nilsson, Martin P. (Martin Persson)
Chronology
Where two rainy seasons separated by dry seasons occur, a fuller
division of the year presents itself. The Babwende have five
seasons:--_ntombo_, from the first rains at the end of September or
beginning of October to the ceasing of the great rains at the end of
January; _kianza_, the lesser dry season, to the beginning of the
great rains in February; _ndolo_, the latter part of the rainy season
up to _sivu_, the dry season, which begins in June; and _mbangala_,
in August and September, when the grass withers and is burnt up[294].
The Wadschagga count:--the great rainy season, 4 months; the time
of dew, 2 months; the season of heat, about 2 months; the so-called
lesser rainy season, 1-2 months; the great heat, about 3 months[295].
The seasons of the Banyankole are determined by the rains. The longer
period is termed _kyanda_ and usually has six months: the lesser,
_akanda_, has four, and there are two months called _itumba_. During
the six months very little rain falls, then come a few days of rain
followed by four months of dry weather, and after that two other
months of rain[296]. A very striking example of the crossing and
overlapping of the seasons is afforded by the Bakongo. They have
_sivu_, the cold season, at the beginning of the dry season which
commences about May 15; _mbangala_, the dry season with little or
no dew, July to the middle of October, including also _mpiaza_, the
grass-burning season, second half of July, August, and September;
_masanza_, early light rains, latter part of October, November, and
December; _nkianza_, short dry season, most of January and the early
part of February; _kundi_, _nsafu_, fruit season, end of February to
May, including _kintombo_, heavy rains, March, April, and _nkiela_,
the time when the rains cease, from the beginning to the middle of
May[297].
In the inland districts of Madagascar, in the neighbourhood of
Antananarivo, there are properly only two seasons, a hot rainy
period from the beginning of November to the end of April, and
a cold dry period during the other months. However four seasons
are distinguished:--_lohataona_, ‘head of the year’, September
and October, when the rice is planted and a few showers fall;
_fahavaratra_, ‘the thunder-time’, from the early part of November
to the end of February or into March; _fararano_, ‘the last rains’,
from the beginning of March to the end of April; and _ririnina_,
‘time of bareness’, when the grass becomes dry, June to August.
Rice is planted twice, first before the end of October and again in
November or December; the first crop is ripe in January or early
in February, the second about April; the two crops however are not
clearly distinguished and together last about four months[298]. One
name for winter is _maintang_, ‘the earth is dry’[299].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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