Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains — John Shaqi
Report on the geology of the Henry MountainsGilbert, Grove Karl
Science
Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains
Gilbert, Grove Karl
Geology -- Utah -- Henry Mountains; Intrusions (Geology) -- Utah -- Henry Mountains
Upon the hypothesis that all these phenomena are examples of the
laccolitic structure, they have the following explanation: Each
individual case comprised originally a laccolite, covered by a great
depth of uplifted and arching strata, and accompanied by dikes and
sheets which penetrated the strata to a limited distance. Lying at
different depths from the surface, they have borne and still bear
different relations to the progressive degradation of the country, and
have been developed by erosion in different degrees. In nine of the
instances cited the arch of strata has been truncated, but at so high a
level that no dikes nor sheets were unearthed. In five instances the
plane of truncation was so low that dikes and sheets were brought to
light, but not the main body of trachyte. The truncation was in most of
these cases less perfect because of the resistance to erosion by the
hard dikes and sheets and by the strata which their heat had hardened.
In eight other instances the erosion has left prominent the dome of
hardened strata with its sheets and dikes, but has somewhere broken
through it so as to reveal a massive core of trachyte. In five instances
one side of the dome of strata has been washed away, exposing the core
of trachyte to its base and showing undisturbed strata beneath it. In
two instances the soft matrix has been so far washed away from the
laccolite as to expose its form fully; and seven laccolites have not
only lost all cover but have themselves been partially demolished.
Certainly, the hypothesis accords with all the facts that have been
observed and unites them into a consistent whole. It explains fourteen
dome-like arches of sedimentary rock which are imperfectly exposed, by
classing them with seven other arches of the same region which have been
opened in section _to the base_ and found to contain laccolites; and it
strengthens the case by pointing to a connected series of intermediate
phenomena. Until some strata-dome of the Henry Mountains, or of a
closely allied mountain, shall be found to display some different
internal structure, it will be safe to regard the whole phenomena of the
group as laccolitic.
_Form of laccolites._—As a rule laccolites are compact in form. The
base, which in eleven localities was seen in section, was found flat,
except where it copied the curvature of some inferior arch. Wherever the
ground plan could be observed it was found to be a short oval, the ratio
of the two diameters not exceeding that of three to two. Where the
profile could be observed it was usually found to be a simple curve,
convex upward, but in a few cases and especially in that of the Marvine
laccolite the upper surface undulates. The height is never more than
one-third of the width, but is frequently much less, and the average
ratio of all the measurements I am able to combine is one to seven.
The ground plan approximates a circle, and the type form is probably a
solid of revolution—such as the half of an oblate spheroid.
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