The _toga_ was a loose woollen robe, of a semicircular form, without sleeves, open from the waist upwards, but closed from thence downwards, and surrounding the limbs as far as the middle of the leg. The upper part of the vest was drawn under the right arm, which was thus left uncovered, and, passing over the left shoulder, was there gathered in a knot, whence it fell in folds across the breast: this flap being tucked into the girdle, formed a cavity which sometimes served as a pocket, and was frequently used as a covering for the head. Its color was white, except in case of mourning, when a black or dark color was worn. The Romans were at great pains to adjust the toga and make it hang gracefully. It was at first worn by women as well as men--but afterwards matrons wore a different robe, called _stola_, with a broad border or fringe, reaching to the feet. Courtezans, and women condemned for adultery, were not permitted to wear the _stola_--hence called _togatæ_. Roman citizens only were permitted to wear the _toga_, and banished persons were prohibited the use of it. The _toga picta_ was so termed from the rich embroidery with which it was covered:--the _toga palmata_ from its being wrought in figured palm leaves--this last was the triumphal habit. Young men, until they were seventeen years of age, and young women until they were married, wore a gown bordered with purple, called the _toga prætexta_. After they had arrived at the age of seventeen, young men assumed the _toga virilis_. The _tunic_ was a white woollen vest worn below the _toga_, coming down a little below the knees before, and to the middle of the leg behind, at first without sleeves. _Tunics_ with sleeves were reckoned effeminate: but under the emperors, these were used with fringes at the hands. The _tunic_ was fastened by a girdle or belt about the waist, to keep it tight, which also served as a purse. The women wore a _tunic_ which came down to their feet and covered their arms. Senators had a broad stripe of purple, sewed on the breast of their tunic, called _latus clavus_, which is sometimes put for the _tunic_ itself, or the dignity of a senator. The _equites_ were distinguished by a narrow stripe called _angustus clavus_. The Romans wore neither stockings nor breeches, but used sometimes to wrap their legs and thighs with pieces of cloth called from the parts which they covered, _tibialia_ and _feminalia_. The chief coverings for the feet were the _calceus_, which covered the whole foot, somewhat like our shoes, and was tied above with a _latchet_ or lace, and the _solea_, a slipper or sandal which covered only the sole of the foot, and was fastened on with leather thongs or strings. The shoes of the senators came up to the middle of their legs, and had a golden or silver crescent on the top of the foot. The shoes of the soldiery were called _caligæ_, sometimes shod with nails. Comedians wore the _socci_ or slippers, and tragedians the _cothurni_.