Nevertheless, it would be very rash to say that the heroic and the
ordinary horseman reliefs had no influence on one another. For example,
a relief at Tanagra[100] seems to fall exactly between the two classes.
On it a horseman in armour rides, followed by an attendant who holds the
tail of the horse, as was the way of Greek body-servants. A female
figure meets the pair with wine-jug and cup. Here, if the relief belongs
to the one class, the servant is out of place; if to the other class,
the pourer of wine. Probably, being oblong in form, it is really of the
heroic class, but contaminated by the influence of the other. On an
ordinary sepulchral slab in the British Museum[101], the horseman and
servant recur, but the lady is absent.
In recent years an immense quantity of votive terra-cottas has been
discovered on the site of the Dorian colony of Tarentum. These
illustrate in a striking fashion the monuments of the Spartan
mother-city. They consist mainly of two groups.
In the first group we see a man, bearded or beardless, wearing a tall
crown, reclining on a couch, often holding a wine-cup. Beside him is
seated a woman, sometimes bearing in her arms a child, who stretches out
his arms towards the man. We engrave (Fig. 37) a specimen of the
class[102], in which, however, the child does not appear, but instead,
in the background, a horse, who seems to be drinking from the flat cup.
And this horse connects the first group with the second, which consists
of figures of riding horsemen.
[Illustration: FIG. 37. VOTIVE TABLET, TARENTUM.]
Mr. Arthur Evans, who has had the advantage of studying these
terracottas at Tarentum[103], is disposed to maintain that the group
represents, not deceased persons, but rather the deities of the lower
world, Dionysus, Cora, and Iacchus. ‘The terracotta representations here
found must be rather regarded as primarily connected with the cult of
chthonic deities and national heroes, than with that of departed human
spirits,’ though ‘the starting-point may be regarded as purely
sepulchral.’ Dr. Wolters, on the other hand[104], connects the
representations far more closely with the worship of the dead. But after
all, the opposition between these two opinions is not fundamental.
Probably at Tarentum, as at Sparta, the dead ancestor and ancestress
were regarded as scarcely distinguishable from the king and queen of the
world of shades, into whose being they passed at death. Thus the last
note struck in the monuments of Dorian hero-worship is in complete
harmony with the first.
[Illustration: FIG. 38. HERO ON FOOT.]
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