Slipstream: the autobiography of an air craftsmanWilson, Eugene E.
History
Slipstream: the autobiography of an air craftsman
Wilson, Eugene E.
Aircraft industry -- United States -- Biography; United States. Navy -- Aviation; Wilson, Eugene E., 1887-1974
The room became very still; all kidding had fled right out the
window. Chance had passed the buck right back to the Engine Section;
he’d written the prescription for a new power plant. And furthermore
we realized he was absolutely right in his choice of size; the Wright
200 air-cooled, which by now was being called the “Whirlwind,” was
only a zephyr. The Wright 400-hp P-2, later named the “Cyclone,”
was overweight for Chance. Something about halfway between seemed
to be the answer, and Chance had called the turn. The catapults on
the battleships and cruisers, together with their hoisting gear and
other equipment, had been designed to handle a limited weight, and
this, in turn, controlled the size of our new airplane. The weight
of the engine determined the final all-up weight of the aircraft,
and the power output was dictated by the necessity for getting the
plane up to flying speed before it reached the end of the catapult.
And while there was no such limitation on aircraft carriers, like
the new _Lexington_ and _Saratoga_, then building in the shipyards,
the over-all size of the airplanes would determine the number each
carrier might line up on her flight deck. The Vought prescription
would also lead to a new type of fighter, smaller than anything
around the P-2 but with higher performance.
Better still, Chance Vought’s new engine seemed to lie within the
realm of possibility. The 200-hp Whirlwind had a cylinder volume of
some 800 cubic inches; the bigger Cyclone, at 450 hp, had about 1,650
cubic inches. A Wright engine just between these two might displace
about 1,200 cubic inches, and conceivably be made to develop 350
horsepower. Chance had put the job up to us and we would put it up to
Wright.
“All right, Chance,” I said soberly enough, “you go on back to Long
Island and start work; we’ll get your engine for you.” Chance Vought
relaxed and grinned back at me.
“Meanwhile,” he inquired, “what will I do to keep the shop open?”
“Go call on Commander Kraus, over in Procurement,” I replied. “Tell
him about this discussion. Maybe he can scrape up an order for enough
UO’s to keep you ticking.”
As soon as Chance had left the room, I telephoned Charlie Lawrance
and Guy Vaughan, of Wright Aero, and asked them to take the midnight
train down for a conference the next day. They were not too
enthusiastic at first, fearing that a completely new engine on top of
their already heavy load might break them down. But we compromised
on a proposal to scale the P-2 model down to about 1,200 inches
displacement, without undertaking a completely new design. This was
not so crazy as it might sound, for while you couldn’t scale an
engine up with any hope of success, you could scale it down if you
were willing to accept a few compromises on weight. We were willing
and Wright was agreeable. Thus was born the Wright R-1200, or Simoon,
an engine that, though it never went into production, still had its
impact on naval aviation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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