St. Nicholas: His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular CustomsMcKnight, George Harley
History
St. Nicholas: His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular Customs
McKnight, George Harley
Christmas; Nicholas, Saint, Bishop of Myra
The printed text of the little play is simple enough, but the easy
swing of the series of Latin songs and the French refrains offering
opportunity for choral participation, the beating of the image, and
the impromptu comedy “business” which choir boys might be counted on
to supply, would provide as much entertainment at a church festival
to-day as they doubtless did in the St. Nicholas’ eve celebration of
the twelfth century.
In a single manuscript there are preserved four St. Nicholas plays
of a century later. The stories presented in these plays are the
four mentioned above. The play of the abducted son of Getro may here
represent the series.
This Latin play,[73] almost entirely in rimed couplets, is more serious
in tone and in general a more elaborate production than the little
play by Hilarius. It was staged in characteristic medieval fashion,
with simultaneous set; that is to say, there were a number of prepared
stations, side by side, all visible, and the action shifted from one
station to another. A rubric in the manuscript indicates the stage
arrangement.
In order to represent how St. Nicholas freed the son of Getro from
the hands of Marmorinus, King of the Agarenes, King Marmorinus
shall appear, surrounded by armed servitors and seated on a
high seat as if in his own kingdom. In another place, shall be
represented Excoranda, the city of Getro, and in it Getro, with his
consolers, his wife Euphrosina and their son Adeodatus. East of the
city of Excoranda shall be the church of St. Nicholas in which the
boy is taken captive.
The action shifts from one of these stations to the other, all the
stations and all the characters, however, being constantly visible.
In the opening scene the servitors approach King Marmorinus, and,
“either all together, or the first one speaking for all,” say:
Hail prince, hail greatest king. Do not delay to declare thy will
to thy servants; we are ready to do what thou dost wish.
These words apparently are sung, since they are in rimed verse and
since song alone would be appropriate for speech in unison. The king
replies:
Go then, do not delay, and subject to my rule whatever people you
can; kill any that resist.
With this the action shifts to another station.
“In the meantime Getro and Euphrosina with a band of schoolboys,” the
stage directions tell us, “shall go to the church of St. Nicholas,
to celebrate his festival, and shall bring with them their son; and
when they shall see the armed servitors of the king coming there, they
shall flee to their own city, in their fright forgetting the boy. But
the servitors of the king shall seize the boy and bring him into the
presence of the king, and either the second of them or all in unison
shall say,” apparently in song:
We have done, O king, what thou didst order; we have subjected many
people to thee and of the things acquired, we are bringing to thee
this boy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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